Archive for the ‘Reflections on Cosmology’ Category

Menkaure, Maeshowe & Mathematical Mind

Saturday, October 28th, 2023

The Geometry of Square Root 2                           1/11/14

1 maeshowe axis
Perfection of megalithic Maeshowe design

– maeshowe corner connections 011
Original Icahm base-plan Maeshowe 1946

 Introductions
(This piece is a summary of the philosophy of science and can be appreciated even without any mathematical knowledge)

Natural Number Geometry 

This website is an effort to bridge the gap between mystical knowledge and scientific exploration of ‘existence’ or ‘reality’. This new ontology (ontos= authentic essence of being) revolves around a supposedly ancient, but simple mathematical natural number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … etc.) theorem, applied to the geometry of circles and squares, with evidence and clarification given in many chapters. This ontology is based on the assumption that mathematics underlies the manifestation of Nature, a modern version of Pythagoras’ ‘All is Number’, as resonances in vibration.
I’ve called this theorem by many names, ‘Geometry of Square Root Two’,  ‘Pyramid Proportion’, ‘Maeshowe Theorem’ and ‘Rainbow Proportion’, reflecting its intriguing contents and versatility, but the  ‘ Lost Menkaure and Maeshowe Theorem’ is an appropriate historical name, I think, because the theorem went lost for over 4000 years, although its quintessence still stands in ancient buildings to this day. The crucial ratios of the theorem have been solidly recorded in buildings of at least two ancient ‘megalithic’ (big stone) cultures, that is in well-known Giza in Egypt and in Orkney, an archipelago off the northern coast of Scotland.

For Orkney it means going back into the late Stone Age some 5000 years ago, 3000 BCE, to Maeshowe and its first European squared space, for Egypt it means going back to Pharao Sneferu’s Meydum pyramid with ratios 275 : 175 (11:7) in Royal Cubits (RC) for base length and height, preceding, but like the Great Pyramid = 440RC : 280RC = 11 : 7 and the Third Pyramid Menkaure at eastern platform level = 198RC : 126RC = also 11 : 7.
Meydum was the first ‘true’ pyramid, after having been started like Imhotep’s step-pyramid-type (Saqqara) and its design in ratios is mathematically similar to the Great & Third Pyramids at Giza, but earlier, so this means going back to at least some 4600 years ago, 2600BCE, to Pharao Sneferu at the end of his long reign. The two totally different, but ‘megalihic’ cultures may have been partly contemporaneous.
Both the Atlantic and the Mediterranean ‘Megalithicum’ ‘eternalized’ their scientific/cosmological knowledge in megalithic buildings and both erected huge standing stones to exalt the sun and the cosmos (my definition of a ‘Megalithicum’); some standing stones also functioned as sun dials (Obelisks – Egypt, Grand menhir-brise – Brittany, France).
It is an early manifestation of the awareness of rhythm and cycles in Nature and the Cosmos, of scientific interest.

The Lost Theorem can be seen as on a par with or even complementary to Pythagoras’ famous ‘right angled triangle and squares-theorem’ (a² + b² = c²), of which the ratios appear in Giza in the Second Pyramid (3²: 4²: 5²) Khafre, though long before Pythagoras’ time. The ‘Lost Theorem’ itself also happens to be a ‘square-theorem’ as we see it in the Great & Third Pyramid and in Maeshowe’s chamber (Orkney), but this lost theorem contains the relation of squares and circles (and eventually of torus and sphere), so you bet a more intricate one, and indeed it is different, very different; so different with its seemingly imprecise and ‘hidden’ rules, that it got lost and the lesser but apparently more precise Pythagoras-theorem (3²: 4²: 5² -> 9+16=25) became a preferred design with later pyramid-builders and survived to this day as one of the cornerstones of Euclidean geometry.

maeshowe equilateral triangle

equilateral triangle Maeshowe ground plan

maeshowe Pythagoras ell-remen
Maeshowe’s plan with hidden Pythagorean triangles and parallels

The analysis of Maeshowe’s ground plan, shows perfect Pythagorean triangles and parallels at the heart of the building, and much more. (see below and at The Measure of Maeshowe)

nine grid maeshowe
Maeshowe: Circle-Square-Circle Theorem and Rainbow Proportion
big yellow square perimeter equals red circle circumference; their areas relate 11:14
red centre square side=9Megalithic Ell (4.71m) with inner blue encompassing circle segment=10ME (5.236m), inner blue circle = 40MEll (ME=0.5236m) (MR=0.37025m)
big blue circle = 80 Megalithic Remen (MR) equals inner diameter Stonehenge!= 29.62m
radii ratio inner blue circle to red circle = (Double) Rainbow Proportion = 11:14

My ‘natural-number-logic logo’: yellow 9-grid with orange square perimeter in blue circle. I conceived of this symbol of my mathematical theorem before I found it in the pyramids and in Maeshowe, both were spectacular findings and experiences, “I had understood and did understand their message, I was working on it”. Rare moments in a lifetime, but this mathematical work has given me several profound ‘recognitions’, as the ‘little theorem of Fermat’ in relation to repunits and primes, which was a huge confirmation that my math was all right.                                                                                                                                       

If this number-crunching is too much for the reader just skip these parts, which are necessary for the scientific argument and its (circumstantial) proofs, but don’t go away, it’s not all like this, continue, say, at ‘Sophistication’

Its True Significance

What the Lost Theorem does is expressing ad infinitum the ratios of ‘squares in circles in squares in circles….’ (inscribing, encompassing) in natural numbers as we see it in the picture, that is, in a specific set of fixed unchanging integer ratios, like 11:7 and 11:14 and 10:9 and 162:100, which are the quintessential ones, here. (To remind you: in standard maths this is only achieved through the irrational transcendental number Pi, π, which though blocks any smooth relation between natural numbers in circles and squares, and also through the irrational golden mean number 1.618… =Phi, which is here 1.620 (+0.002). Nowhere does the theorem differ in the hundredths, always only in the thousandths, so it is very close to conventional math.
The eventual order is achieved in the Lost Theorem by using a ‘rational’ approximation of π as a squareroot-2 number= (20/9)V2 or 3.14 2696… (ratio circle circumference and its Euclidean diameter, π = 3.14 159265…) and by a rational value for π²-squared ( 9.87654…), respectively by the rational Pi-numbers: 22/7 (3.14 2857 1428…) and its complement 2800/891 (=3.14 25 36…) and the new Pi-squared as 9.87654321 (= 22/7 x 2800/891 = 800/81), all expressed in natural and rational numbers, the undubitable basis of any early mathematics.

The theorem’s true significance though lies in ‘squaring the circle by circumference’ (this is different from the famous and notorious ‘area-squaring of the circle’), which we see here (picture above) realized in the yellow square perimeter being equal to the red circle circumference. The big blue circle diameter is 10, the red circle diameter is 9, as ratios. The big blue circle perimeter 40, the yellow square perimeter is 36, which is again ratio 10 : 9.
(The 10/9 ratio is the basis of the 1.11111…., 2.2222….., 9.9999…, 11.11111…. nine-number system which rules the algorithm and this, in turn, is a bridge to the repunits and their root primes, number waves and more)

This ‘squaring the circle by circumference’, as mathematical operation, gave us the ‘Great Pyramid’ as the geometrically square abstraction of the (hemi-) sphere (globe), that is, of the Earth.
In Orkney though, the theorem, in a peculiarly extended but more rudimentary form (8: 9: 10), lies hidden in the lay-out of Maeshowe’s megalithic chamber and comes into the open in the dimensions of the several man-made circles of the nearby Ring of Brodgar ( its standing stone circle and rock-hewn moat with 2 sloping edges give 3 ratios), there though expressed in the big numbers of Giza (99 or 198 and 140 or 280). This is the full natural-number-solution for the ‘rationalisation of number-irrationality’, i.c. of ‘square root 2’ now as 140/99 and 99/70. (see Rationalizing the Ir-rational).

Megalithic Pi
What could make this website suspect for many in this respect is that I found that practically the same unit of measure as Egypt’s established Royal Cubit (RC= 0.52375m, or 0.524, less precise) fitted perfectly and mathematically meaningful in major Orkney megalithic works (and all over the British Isles, for that matter) and I have inferred that the Megalithic Ell (ME= 0.5236m) was used in Orkney and elsewhere in the Isles, possibly (much?) earlier (Newgrange, Ireland?), than in Egypt. On top of that I found this measure (ME) based on two male ulna bones (26.18cm, under-arm, ell(-bow), which was a gift), this measure has, as diameter-size, an ingenious mathematical relation to a slightly revised Megalithic Yard (A.Thom).
My MY= 0.8228m and is thus 6.2mm smaller than A.Thom’s megalithic yard =0.829m, but usually better fitting the data and always with mathematical meaning, because this revised Megalithic Yard turns out to be equal to the half-circle segment of a circle with diameter 1ME=0.5236m, and equals two male tibia bones (= 2 x 0.4114 = 0.8228m, another gift, average height Neolithic male 1.75m, same as Egyptians). It results in the formula for a Megalithic Π (MPi) as 2MY/1ME (2×0.8228/0.5236= 22/7)
My only other defence for this rather ‘incredible’ but nevertheless striking situation must be that this mathematical model I found(ed) and use has connected many ‘incredible’ things in the course of my exploration, events that I personally experienced as great gifts (from heaven) not only because they were completely unexpected and enhance the beauty and profundity of the model, but also because their enigmatic occurrences in my personal life keep me highly motivated to pursue this long quest into the deep past; there is a treasure to be found at the end of the (double?) rainbow, as you know.

Megalithic Ell
My earlier mentioned fixed measure of 0.5236m as I came to use it for Giza’s Royal Cubit (RC), elsewhere usually given as .524m, is a gift in still another way, because as Megalithic Ell it not only fitted Orkney better than it does Giza, but it turned out to be exactly 1/6 of Pi (6x.5236=3.1416) and 1/5 of Phi^2  (5 x .5236=2.618) as I only realized during my Orkney-calculations. This means that a (stone-) circle diameter measured in metres gives multiplied by 6 the number of megalithic ells (ME or RC) in the circumference (6ME/1m = Pi ); a very handy gift, this one, because it may give a first indication of the possible number of stones in the original circle, the more so because also the yard and remen are at hand as measures.

To make things worse for the sceptics I show that the diameter of the stone circle of Orkney’s Brodgar is equal to the side of the Third Pyramid at (eastern) platform level, and equal to the distance from the King’s Chamber floor level to the top of the Great Pyramid, both 198RC (103.67m); and that the Brodgar ring’s circumference is equal to the ground-diagonal of the Great Pyramid (880 Remen= 325.82m or 396 Megalithic Yard = 4×99).

pyramid-geometry-v2-300x225
Natural number Logic of Menkaure design
Mathematical height (from Eastern platform level) is 9×14 = 126 RC, the side at that level is 2×99 = 198RC, the diagonal there is 280 RC, which is the height of the Great Pyramid. We see that 126 is the smallest grain to directly relate to measures of GP and to express the mathematical theorem, which would be even more rudimentary expressed as 63 and 99 and 140 for the double cubit of 104,72 cm. Here we see the geometry of sqrt2 in the ratio 140/99, or half-diagonal for 70/99.
(John Legon found a possible even more basic expression of the Theorem in (900 palms for the height 67.32m, 1000 for half diagonal = 748m, full diagonal 2000 palms = 1496m and finally a side of 1414 palms (1000V2) as 202 RC of 105,8m. This the ground level of the base of the Third Pyramid, 9, 10 and 10V2, at the ‘mathematical level’ it is a side of 1386 palms (198RC), of 1960 palms diagonal and a height of 882 palms, at sun-platform-east level some 2.5 RC above ground level)

Moreover it shows the intrinsic numerical relation between the Great and Third Pyramid in Giza (20:9), all this insight in relations thanks to the, possibly contemporary, measures of Brodgar and Maeshowe!
My important finding that the Third Pyramid must hold the mathematical key and theoretical blueprint to the Great Pyramid and relates in volume virtually as 1 : 11, comes straight from the analysis of the Orkney ratios!

Pyramid basics

Ratio of Great Pyramid same as Menkaure (-math)  280:440 = 126:198

This is of course all a bit too much to believe in for most people and certainly for the professional archaeologist who will dismiss it as ‘lunatic fringe’ science, but, reader, I had the same problem, I was not out to get these things at all and at first not even really happy when I found it, for this very reason (this is ‘too much’), but I’ve checked it all many times and I am not in the habit of fooling myself, nor others; it’s in the data and especially in the ratios. (I compare with Lehner, Cole and F.Petrie data). In case of differences they are all too close to call, or just ‘controversial’ in this Megalithic-context, with differences expressed in centimetres over lengths of hundreds of metres. (Lehner’s data for Gr.P.-sides are all 230.33m – possibly a misprint-  Cole’s average = 230.36m-;   230.33m  is definitely wrong).

The inevitable bickering about the correct length does a lot of damage to a serious approach to the logic of the designs, because it is about (number-) logic integrated in design, it is about the intention of  the design, not about perfect execution, it’s about the genuine probability of a deep insight and a great Cosmic Idea, ‘Earth as a sphere’ for one thing, the discovery of Pi as 22/7, the change to 7 palms in the Royal Cubit, it is not about cynical 20th century, so called critical modern scientific scepticism. The data I use are solid, the differences or inaccuracies are trivial compared to the overwhelming mathematical logic that is revealed.
It’s about possible synchronism and about a near mystical (historical) Enigma: how two so widely differing cultures could come up with the same mathematics, the same units of measurement and the same ‘cosmic length’ at about the same time.

Sophistication
The high mathematical sophistication that speaks from my analysis of the  late Stone Age designs in the British Isles poses a problem; in the first place for me. Is this really possible? I am not on this quest for many years to pursue and produce an ‘impossible’ story, or trick my readers, so I had to go a long way before I could convince myself of the ‘real possibility’. What convinced me most were those moments of complete recognition, where I know I could not have found any of it on my own had I not been led by the analysis of their ratios and had I not understood the mathematical logic in their designs; I am not a mathematician, only logician. Those were great moments of ‘communication and revelation’, a 5000 year gap, but One mathematical Mind, it was, and is, as from the Beyond, timeless, it’s living the experience: there is no time, their mind is still here, there is a record, a communication, it is history, no longer pre-history, they have communicated  in the most universal manner possible, the language of mathematics!  So for me there are too many instances of ‘striking’ confirmation that I could reasonably doubt Orkney’s Stone Age Man’s ability and sophistication. Maybe I am tricked by fortunate coincidences (but then, so many?), but I also see it confirmed in their superb building techniques, their orientations, in their obvious involvement in cosmology and calendar making (solstices) and, finally, in the calculating and recording of numbers that all this must have involved.

Without having signs for numbers they realized this by incorporating ratios of numbers in the dimensions of geometrical designs and by placing them in circles and marking numbers of standing stones for counting their calendrical and cosmological cycles. Avebury is about recording the moon cycle, with 3 circles of which one has the diameter of Brodgar, again 103.67m, Stonehenge is obviously dedicated to the sun. (See further pictorial analyses of the Orkney design in the ‘Maesure of Maeshowe’ in triangles, squares and circles, it’s fabulous)

Near Maeshowe, at the now famous Ness of Brodgar site, situated between the (huge) Stones of Stenness (ever 11 or 12 standing and with less than a third left standing some near 6 m high, it still holds some of its original echo in its centre, manmade!), itself one of the earliest stone circles and henges, if not the first (having virtually the same outside measure as Stonehenge, mind you!), these Stones of Stenness on one side and the huge Ring of Brodgar (ever 60 or more stones) on the other, there is clear evidence of paint-making at the Ness, paint which could have been used to mark the stones of the two nearby Rings with different colours for counting and recording different cosmological time cycles. Here the standing stone circle becomes a record holder, a calculator and a geometrical playground, like connecting certain stones with ropes, making a square with the four cardinal points, like in Maeshowe, knowing the diameter as 198ME and consequently the side of the square is 140 ME = 73.30m; so possibly it was an educational place as well, in all it was so much more scientific/cosmological than rigidly ritual in practice.
Not only the amount of stones holds numbers, these are also in the dimensions of the works, where the ratios get geometrical and arithmetical meaning. I have argued that the two standing stone circles with perpetual drumbeat together with a huge pendulum in Maeshowe (see picture), were instrumental in creating day-time, clock-time, at the equinoxes.

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Pendulum Maeshowe + starry sky

This is what the Ness of Brodgar and its environs were possibly about and probably famous for: the ‘Creation of Time’, a spiritual cosmological centre with people flocking here as ‘Pilgrims of Time’ from far and wide, to hear the heartbeat of the universe in the drums that kept the rhythm through day and night at the equinoxes  and to compare it with their own heartbeat and take that home as a measure of time, but also to see the many rainbows and marvels of the Northern lights, to hear the echo of their voices at the centre of Stenness, as in caves, to being at the end of the ancient world, beyond the North Winds (Hyperborea).

Shamanism
My explanation for the mysterious mathematical relation between Giza and Orkney has moved from Egyptian naval expeditions visiting the ‘fabled’ archipelago (Hyperborea, Atlantis) with on board the great architect and healer Imhotep in his youth (who then later built the  Saqqara pyramid), to ‘morphic resonance’, same (evolutionary) things occurring in unconnected places at the same time (Sheldrake), onto the shamanic ‘Supernatural’, of which I now think the last one is the most probable, but morphic resonance is a close second. As shamans claim they derive their knowledge about use of medicinal plants in trance from the (spirits of) the plants themselves and they climb the Rainbow, I have considered that a geometrical form of their beloved Rainbow might have revealed its numerical/rational/pictorial make-up to the shaman in a similar way. (shaman Joska Soos’ paintings are highly geometrical, as are some of his contentions, see ‘Shaman and standing stone’). Since it is very well possible that Giza and Orkney were, at least partly, contemporary, a synchronic shamanistic and supernatural revelation in both cultures must be reckoned within the  possibilities, it could be that the Megalithic Ell, as well as the equivalent Royal Cubit, do indeed represent the ideal ‘cosmic unit of length’, each occurring in some local revelation and showing again ‘man as the measure of all things’ as we see it in palms, feet, thumb and finger measures and that indeed this sacred length was found by or revealed to both scientific Megalithic cultures as they appear to use the same number-logic as well and came to the same ‘crucial length’ of 198 Megalithic Ell or Royal Cubit (198=2x99) = 103.67m.
It’s all about the ratios of 11:7 and 10:9 and their ‘interactions’. We see this length returning in the diameter of Brodgar’s Ring and in that of one of the inner circles of Avebury’s lunar clockwork  (chapter), even the (irregular) stone circle of Newgrange (103.6) is thus reported, but, more importantly, this length is also equal to the square base length of the 3rd Pyramid at platform level, 198RC.
Lehner’s unreliable data suggest 196RC = 102.63m (L=102.2) and 200RC = 104.7m (L=104.6) but this makes no difference for the relevant value of the diagonal. (I think a satellite and computer imaging should do these jobs by now).
This has consequences for the angles of the slopes, but these seem hardly different from the Great Pyramid’s, so I maintain that the Third is the prototype top of the First, measured exactly at airshaft exit levels, and there must be a correlation between the different sides of the Great and Third Pyramid

gp_air[1] legon

I stick to the size 198RC because it also appears as the distance of the floor level of the King’s Chamber to the top of the Great Pyramid, 198RC (280-82). Intriguingly it is also the pyramid side lengths at the exit levels of the air-shafts (see picture John Legon), so that the top 1/11th volume of the Great Pyramid upwards from shaft-level is 126RC (280-154, Legon) high and consequently identical with the Third Pyramid at east-platform level. This is the reason for the angles of the shafts, they had to mark out on the outside the ‘theoretical mathematical principle’ that is topping the building as its ‘mathematical brain’, a visible horizontal mark and a practical airshaft at the same time (there were most probably people in this building going about their business whatever it was, see gallery, no one was ever buried there), so a visibly marked top with ten times its own volume beneath it. (always note this play with numbers: 9, 10, 11, 14)
The number 11 (22/7) is the number of the Great Pyramid (440), with 9:10 hidden, 37 (3×37=111) of the Second Pyramid (100+37; 3 x 137= 411) ,  9 and 10 and 9 and 14 of the Third Pyramid.
The height of the Great Pyramid is equal to the diagonal of the Third’s ground floor at platform level =√(198²)x2 = 280.
The differences are very small here but can be decisive in our argument when it comes to an overall picture; the accumulation of arguments within the same framework. It is only because they had so great reverence for the building technique and genius of their ancestors (Imhotep, Sneferu) that even the Menkaure pyramid, the key to the mathematics, was built, where it is so much less impressive than the others, close to being an anomaly on the site. It may even be that the foundations of all three pyramids were laid at the same time still by Sneferu or soon after. Obviously its authentic value and scaled(!) design was seen as crucial to the cosmological (scientific) message of the whole site. This is what I read in it: when the temple is harmonious, the universe is in harmony.

Tibetan Buddhism
The shamanic connection, has become fundamental in my understanding of the Stone Age spirit. Time and again I emphasize how much I try to appreciate the world-view of shamanism as it emerges the world over in the Stone Age and with this fascination the Tibetan Buddhist connection comes to the fore. I am aware that shamanism is a sensitive topic in Tibetan Buddhist circles, because it would be seen by the outside world as not genuinely Buddhist. During the recent Kalachakra in Ladakh (’14), which I attended, the Dalai Lama mentioned explicitly this perception by critics of Tibetan Buddhism, possibly within Buddhism, that Lamaism and shamanism are not true Buddhism.
But what is true Buddhism? Buddhism always takes the flavour of the culture where it flourishes, like Ch’an (Zen) in China, Nichiren and Zen in Japan and Vajrayana and Tantrism in the Himalayas. The early Buddhist monks were compelled to show the Tibetan population that their Buddhist teaching could produce the same magical powers as the shaman possessed in order to convert them and gain their support.
I consider the shamanic flavour of Tibetan Buddhism as one of its great attractions, which does not at all interfere with the sincerity of the Tibetan commitment to the real great Mahayana ideals of compassion and universal liberation. On the contrary Tibetan Buddhism seems designed to heal the soul and who else than the Buddha was also called the Great Physician, the Great Healer (bhisakko), the supreme surgeon ( sallakatto anuttaro) and in that respect many Tibetan Lamas are outstanding healers.

How could there be anything ’embarrassing’ about being the heirs of spiritual traditions and techniques that go back to the unfathomable depths of the Stone Age and to the first great awakenings of the ‘human’ mind in that age; after all, several Buddhas are supposed to have preceded our historical Buddha and they don’t come by every few centuries, it seems. Besides that the original Tibetan shamanic Bon-religion has now effortlessly been incorporated in the Tibetan Buddhist brotherhood, so it is all very close, but not at all decisive.

To me the Tibetan Buddhist and shamanistic parallels as: chosen-ones, rain-making, oracles, divination, drumming, fast travelling, form the living bridge to a ‘spiritual atmosphere’ and wisdom of the Stone Age. These techniques though are peripheral in the central teachings. The logical, dialectical and magical mindedness of the Tibetans reflect the historical situation of the tradition. It is not well-known that Tibet in its Buddhist florescence for centuries culturally dominated the whole of Central Asia to deep in Siberia. The similarity with Mongolian Buddhism is evident and that the latter also share in a shamanic tradition cannot be doubted whatsoever.
What fascinates me in shamanism is the extra-ordinary (suggestive) powers of the human mind, because those must in origin have been universal, as shamanism was, and those powers are still available to us all, in principle, I think.
Tibetan Buddhism is possibly the only highly organized tradition which has preserved and still practices these age-old techniques, most of which are beyond scientific comprehension (at the moment) and rock the foundations of the Western rational world view; “this is not possible”, we say. This same Tibetan Buddhism is now also closest to modern scientific approaches of reality  (Kalachakra) as we will see shortly, which again shows the extraordinary sharp intuitive mystical insights it is based upon.

Shamanism has been the spiritual development and exploration of the human mind through the Stone Age the world over in different places with different techniques but always with extra-ordinary healing mind-powers as a result. The first development of language must be thought of as within the shamanic horizon. Those who study root-languages like Proto Indo-European (PIE) know all too well how much insight and intelligence went into the formation, derivation and meaning of words, and there were sounds only, no symbolic frame work. Here again we see unfathomable wisdom and capability in the deep past.

As I have argued elsewhere: the very fact that shamans could risk their lives for the benefit of others places them on a spiritual level that is beyond any religion and at the same time expresses the highest form of spiritual attainment, that is: self-sacrifice for the right cause ( Jezus, Socrates, Buddha-teaching).
Shamanism is in this view pre-religious and pre-philosophical enlightenment expressing a rich and integrated spiritual life in which the whole world is ‘spirited’ and open to contact, even communication.

Context
What I have stated so far is only the historical and cultural context in which I place the mathematical theorem that I found independently of these rather ‘solid historical records’. First it was ‘Giza’ that surprisingly fitted my model, then a few years later ‘Orkney’, both these  places were just other incredible ‘gifts’ to sustain my ‘improbable’ findings in ‘natural number geometry’ and some pertinent claims in other fields, but whatever their status as scientific confirmation (at least in History), these (pre-) historical places have no bearing on the mathematical validity and importance of this model, as such. The model stands on its own; when grasped  it is amazingly ‘solid and aesthetic’.

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Part I

Warning

At first sight the complementary natural number theorem I have ‘uncovered’ (it has always been there of course), looks like a ‘Kindergarten mathematics’ and you certainly could make a nice puzzle for very young children on the basis of it and making them acquainted with numbers and geometry in one go, it is very pictorial as well, but when you get to the amazing intricacies of it, it can become dizzying, however simple the ingredients remain, because only the numbers 1-14 are involved.
I am not a mathematician and I can only do very simple things, so most people with education can follow this exposition and enjoy math maybe for the first time. It may also be the reason why I have done what no mathematician would obviously ever do, that is changing the rules of mathematics by holding the integrity of the natural numbers as ‘sacred’ and follow where they lead. The new rules are: only natural or rational numbers, complementarity, transparency, approximation, resonance in ratios. So irrational numbers, like sqrt2, or transcendental numbers, like Pi, are off limits. Now one could argue that this is just a nice set of rules to make exquisite designs with squares and circles involving the golden rule, so: an aesthetic device, but I claim not only that it was discovered already thousands of years ago, but also that it concerns the basic mathematical rules that govern Nature as such. That is, in all its simplicity: a profound scientific device.

Given the fact that it chimes very well with the new drive for a fundamental paradigm-shift in Science, which places Mind at the centre of reality, I hope my work can contribute to strengthen this movement (Laszlo, Church e.a.) towards a spiritual foundation of science and philosophy.

The mathematical model

Decimal nine-number system (1.111…; 2.222…./ 9.999…(=10); 11.111…)
Initially this peculiar geometry evolved from a ‘decimal nine-number system’ (for lack of a better expression), that was inspired by cuneiform clay tablets from ancient Sumer (Iraq) I saw in a newspaper (’98) and worked out.  This 9-number system, Sumerian or not, is a rational number system and still at the heart of all the calculations I do here, as it is the ratio 10:9, which produces the rational numbers (10/9  =1.11111…. to 9.99999….=10, then: 11.11111… etc., so 9 rational numbers in the space of 10 natural numbers) and it is perfectly tailored for the calculations of the derived geometry; they cannot be separated. What makes this ‘natural number-logic’ such a sure and fast calculator is that it is self-correcting and self-contained and based on  natural and rational numbers only. As soon as unsuitable input is involved the logic of the numbers crashes, moreover the system is such that the answer is already at hand and could in principle be immediate. Here we may see how ‘immediacy’ in physics actually functions, it’s a mathematical necessity, outside of time (another proof time does not exist), and, given certain specifics, the answer is logically inevitable and through timelessness becomes ‘immediate’, and easily ‘non-local’ (space-less, without distance). ‘Immediacy’ functions ‘non-local’ through the Zero-dimension, I claim, the inner border-point of space, without locality, as I will describe below.

Fine structure constant*
Our model produces ‘theoretical’ values which means that our theoretical answer is usually not precisely matched in the dynamics of Reality and it shouldn’t; this shows nicely in the universal ‘fine structure constant’/α (alpha), alias, ‘coupling constant’/e (0.085424 55….) which in my system turns out to be (repunit, R3)  111 x  (10/9)^2 = 137.0370370370…= 3700/27 = α, a rational number at the heart of our model and as e it is √(27/3700) = 0.085424 21…. [because it is about repunits  (numbers consisting of only ‘ones’, 111….111) and the ratio  10 : 9, this squared = 1.234567..]]

Richard Feynman wrote about the number e, the ‘coupling constant’: “There is a most profound and beautiful question associated with the observed coupling constant, e , the amplitude for a real electron to emit or absorb a real photon. It is a simple number that has been experimentally determined to be close to 0.085424 55... (My physicist friends won’t recognize this number, because they like to remember it as the inverse of its square: about 137.03597 with about an uncertainty of about 2 in the last decimal place. It has been a mystery ever since it was discovered more than fifty years ago, and all good theoretical physicists put this number up on their wall and worry about it.) Immediately you would like to know where this number for a coupling comes from: is it related to Pi or perhaps to the base of natural logarithms? Nobody knows. It’s one of the greatest damn mysteries of physics: a magic number that comes to us with no understanding by man. You might say the “hand of God” wrote that number, and “we don’t know how He pushed his pencil.” We know what kind of a dance to do experimentally to measure this number very accurately, but we don’t know what kind of dance to do on the computer to make this number come out, without putting it in secretly! “

This is about a ‘magic’ number, a BIG number, in short, and my system seems to show ‘how HE pushed his pencil’. I can present it in different formulas which each may show the deep-structure of the number (and without secretly putting it in anywhere).
R3, 111,  a major repunit, is involved and our central ratio 10:9 (1.11111…….) ‘squared’ (1.234567…) is involved but the number also can be read very plainly as 3700/27 = 137.0370370370… , though scientifically defined as 137.03597….. , a difference of 0.0010…., one -thousandth) The numbers 37 and 27 have a peculiar relation in 27 x 37= 999 → 999/9= 111 (R3), the numbers 3 and 37 in R3 are firmly related to one- third of the repunits in 3 x 37 = 111. We can also produce the Feynman  coupling value of 0.085424 55… as the square root of 27/3700 = 0.085424 21…, with difference of 0.00000034…., that is less than 1-millionth. Not bad (and rather better than in the ‘alpha’ version of a thousandth!).
So we see that the shape of this ‘Holy Grail number of Physics’ is rather trivial in the rational numbers 3700/27 or the square root of 27/3700, whichever  way you like (the number is apparently known in different shapes).
You won’t believe me now, but time will tell. You may think the prime 37 is random, but the repunits (111….111) show it isn’t:  3 x 37 = 111 (R3). Repunits are the key to the calculator and the fundamental wave-patterns as they reflect so closely the 10/9= 1.111111111….. relationship. Then there is the number 27 = 3 x 3 x 3, a basic cube of the pivotal prime 3. The number 27 appears also prominently in packing theory with circles in hexagons (Kepler density quotient pi/V18= 0.74048222… in my theoretical system is 20/27= 0.740740…).
(Possibly this is a key to the  enigmatic hexagon at the pole of Saturn!)
This is no longer  ‘recreational mathematics’, that ‘repunits’ are deemed to be in professional circles,  this is the ‘real stuff’, however hidden and enigmatic it still may appear now. It is the powers of 10 in relation to 9, with only one unit difference; formula repunit, only one spark changes the structure of numbers. In the powers of 10 the extra-primes 2 and 5 are stored, plus or minus 1 produce a sum of totally different primes, either 111….111 or 100….001 and multiplicated they form a new repunit and new primes.

I have given here two examples of the stunning approximations I can make with this number system and with immediate numerical transparency. But my exploration of the number system brought a large variety of natural constants to light.

Rainbow Proportion
As my personal contribution to clarifying this ‘pre-historic mathematics’ I regard the insights that the system’s logic describes a basic 10:9 resonance, which appears between spherical and toroidal aether waves at all levels, as I understand it; that this resonance is found in the Solar System data and visible in the rings of Saturn, that as other example there exists a steady 11:14 (double) Rainbow Proportion resonance and that the 2-D circle and square natural number ratios can stand for sphere and torus (ball and ring) geometries in space and for the necessary interaction of their wave-systems in natural number resonances. 

The magnetic field is the effect of the horn-toroidal shape of spatial fieldlines. The electric field has spherical incoming and outgoing fieldlines, so presenting the interrelation between sphere and horn-torus mathematically as fundamental for space geometry seems more than justified.

Resonance is always a whole number phenomenon, keep that in mind, this is also the ultimate scientific ‘rationale’ for this peculiar mathematical model I developed and employ.
This last insight then is seen as the fundamental geometry of space down to the Planck-length. The mathematical model in my view could describe the resonances of the deep field vibration of physical reality, analogue to super-strings. Nevertheless it is simpler and more straightforward than super-strings, I think, (no ontological questions: what is a string made of?) and it works on all scales, be it  not with 11 dimensions but only  5 or 6, depending on what is included and how you count. (is the zero-dimension a dimension?).

Here we see what the Theorem does: it connects seemingly completely unrelated phenomena by shedding unexpected light on certain relationships, always touching on the deepest levels of reality. It’s like a magic wand sometimes. The dimensionless universal constants, for example, have no place in any existing scientific physical theory, but they find a natural translation in this model and that is a feat of great scientific importance when right, I would say, as it shows that something fundamental is missing in gravity theory regarding resonance; and numbers.

Since I have never stopped thinking about the implications of these fundamental number ratios I have naturally come to a rather complete frame for ontology and cosmology. I am aware this is pretentious, but I had no choice, it grew as of its own logic. Besides that  it was supposed to be a theory of everything (TOE), that was the challenge in those days, maybe still is, but I still wish to formulate something, find a language, that is a real bridge from science to the mystical experience and the Mind and I hope it is consistent and universal and that what I do with my very limited knowledge is setting the first feeble Kindergarten steps in the revelation of its entire scientific and mystical scope, which might be epochal.

Part II

What reality?
Reality is an important concept in philosophy and hard to define but it could be said to be that which we experience as ‘the world’ (which is ambiguous in itself, but you know what I mean, by context). What we perceive as ‘reality’ though, cannot be severed from our faculties. We perceive a world as it presents itself within the scope of our senses and capacities. Our, limited, senses ‘create’ the world as we ‘experience’ it. This insight is in the West usually attributed to the philosopher Kant, heralding the European ‘Enlightenment’ epoch, but it was an analysis the Buddha (and others) had made already over 2000 years earlier. Today the influence of the mind on reality is dramatically shown in quantum-physics where scientists have lost their grip on their concepts, creating ‘contradictios in terminis’ and other logical monstrosities, like: ‘vacuum-energy’, ‘wave-particle duality’, ‘probability wave’ and, of course, the ‘BigBang’….., that even spiritual people feel forced to believe in; such is the force of a scientific paradigm.

Kalachakra

That there is a ‘dependent origination’ of reality is another of the Buddha’s insights which scientists now have to grapple with. The link to Buddhism is in my work most ‘material’ in the concept of the ‘space-pixall’, reminiscent of the ‘space-particle’ of the Buddhist Kalachakra philosophy, in which there are five types of particles, related to earth, water, wind and fire and the aether/space as fifth. This last one is the smallest, ‘aetherial’, but most fundamental one. It is what remains when a world-system disintegrates: space-particles. The Buddhist analysis entails an emphasis on the ‘granularity of space’ as well as gives it a ‘body’ and even permanence. This characteristic makes it compatible with the concept of an ‘aether’, since this is understood the world over as ‘the stuff filling space’; the ‘body’ of space, the fabric, the energy of space.

Dalai Lama
A space consisting of space-particles generates an other cosmology than the BigBang as we will see. (note the space particle in the following Buddhist quote, as the ‘fundamental con-substantial cause of the entire physical world’, so it is the first and most basic ontological unit).
The Dalai Lama describes it as follows: “Buddhist cosmology establishes the cycle of a universe in the following way: first there is a period of formation, then a period where the universe endures, then another during which it is destroyed, followed by a period of void before the formation of a new universe. During this void, the particles of space subsist, and from these particles the new universe will be formed. It is in these particles of space that we find the fundamental con-substantial cause of the entire physical world. If we wish to describe the formation of the universe and the physical bodies of beings, all we need do is analyse and comprehend the way in which the natural potential of different chemical and other elements constituting that universe was able to take shape from these space particles. It is on the basis of the specific potential of those particles that the structure of this universe and of the bodies of the beings present therein have come about.”

Note here the exceptionalpermanence’ of the ‘space-particles’, where nearly everything is impermanent in Buddhism, but it brings these particles on a par with the Mind, which is of great importance as we shall see. The great lama actually sums up what has become a major challenge of this website: ‘All we need do is analyse and comprehend…. how the natural potential of… elements… could take shape from these space-particles’.
Unwittingly I have for years worked according to the Dalai Lama’s ‘program’ in my efforts to give the space-particle (-pixall, -granule) the fundamental place (mathematics) and properties (resonance, field) it needs to fulfil its basic function. This is a ‘realisation’ I’d never expected when working on the ‘pixalls’ although the Dalai Lama’s talk of space-particles indeed originally had inspired me to go back to my erstwhile visions of ‘sparks filling space’ (Formentera ’72), subsequently triggered by the fundamental mathematics I found when in Ireland (Beara ’98/’99).

Einstein
The following is another gift, this time from Einstein, himself a bit of a mystic , where he describes exactly the characteristics of  a ‘Deep-field’ by naming ‘singularities’, extremely dense  point-forms of energy, as the fundamentals (in 1909, before GTR). He describes effectively an aether in my view ; the point here is the granularity, which disappeared in the General Theory of Relativity and with it the ‘basic field interferences’, the ‘oscillating field’.
Einstein (1909): “I imagine to myself, each such singular point surrounded by a field that has essentially the same character of a plane wave, and whose amplitude decreases with the distance between the two singular points. If many such singularities are separated by a distance small with respect to the dimensions of the field of one singular point, their fields will be super-imposed and will form in their totality an oscillating field that is only slightly different from the oscillating field of our present electromagnetic theory of light.”
Put for ‘singularity’ the term ‘space-pixall’ and it says what I could not say better, the oscillating field is the ‘deep-field’, the aether. The pixall is the ‘valve’ of the zero-dimension, which ‘carries’ the pure light; maybe the pixall annihilates when sparking.

Max Born
A  very good description of the classic ether-concept, is given by Max Born, it helps to clarify the difference between ‘somethingness’ (aether) and ‘nothingness’ (relativists)
Born (1924): “The undulatory, or wave theory, (..) sets up an analogy between the propagation of light and the motion of waves on the surface of water or sound waves in air. For this purpose it has to assume the existence of an elastic medium that permeates all transparent bodies; this is the ‘luminiferous ether’. The individual particles of this substance merely oscillate about their positions of equilibrium. That which moves on as the light wave is the state of motion of the particles and not the particles themselves.”
We see here another suitable description of the deep-field and the ‘space-pixalls’ as I propose them, only that the pixalls are not really ‘individual particles’, but interlocked singular tiny vibrating fields (down to Planck-length region), like Einstein’s description above. (It must come close to Descartes’ ‘vortexes’ which also Maxwell mentions; these are typical ‘scientific intuitions’)

Eternity
These quotes of prominent proponents of mysticism and science illustrate perfectly where the two converge in the concept of discrete fundamental units and how the Big Bang-cosmology is made obsolete in one stroke (by the permanence of space-particles and by recurring cycles).
If there were a beginning of time how could there be eternity? Eternity can only exist and be felt because there is no time, so how can there be a ‘beginning of time’, as cosmologists claim. Eternity is not material, it is space in its ‘suchness’.
We see that Einstein intuitively describes an ‘aether’, a fundamental ‘field-filling’ of space – possibly the reason he abandoned the idea (because of his adagio: no aether)- his ‘singularity’ has a field, which, I say, it can only have because it spins in absorbing  and emitting waves. In every point of space there is a spherical incoming wave-front as the sum of all the cosmic wave-field fronts.
This front creates spin in every point and creates a reflex wave going outward, this creates a standing wave field (oscillating) and gives the centre stability and inertia. It is this interaction of the incoming and outgoing wave, the order of the standing wave which relates to the number 9, that our mathematical model describes or else, how a spherical wave transforms into an outgoing toroidal wave, that is what this website’s peculiar mathematics seems created for.
At specific frequencies the pixalls lock into field-mode and get energized, this is the reality we see and the light it is made of. This spin is also seen as a vortex to negative infinity and, as such, a border-point of space opening to the zero-dimension, the pure light.
Space only has an inner boundary, like there is no ‘other-side’ to the centre of the earth. When you can imagine that there opens a new dimension at the centre of the earth, which maybe we can visualize by taking the volume of the horn-torus as our curved space, and going through the centre point, aka borderpoint of space, we come into the space surrounding the torus surface, that is the zero-dimension of pure light (the 3D horn-torus is peculiar because its one centre point borders its whole surface and in 2-D its surface is a square).
The horn-torus, 4. π².r²  (indeed  the square of the circle =(2. π. r)², with two equal radii), is the pivotal geometry of space on this website and shows consequently that its surface equals a square, but is bordered by one point only; this now is what ‘space-curvature’ can do in mathematics, I suppose, but here I miss all the tools to continue; for instance this may also be the ontological key to the holographic aspect of reality, the whole surface of the horn-torus is reflected in the central border-point, in every point of space.
At least it is reported that the mysterious centre of the earth appears to have clockwise and anticlockwise motion, which is perfectly feasible in a horn-torus geometry and as such the doorway to the zero-dimension.
No better geometrical way to see how all is one.

Pure Light

The ‘pure light’ of the zero-dimension, although ‘outside’ of space, is in every pixall, so every pixall is a ‘carrier’ of light (‘lumini-ferous’ aether), which makes it literally true that everything is ‘made of light’ and this is why light does not travel and ‘speed of light’ is a misnomer. In this conception the ‘ray’ is a string of sparking stationary pixalls, which makes it appear discrete as a photon in observation, but the photon has no self-substance, it is just a rather randomly hit and sparking local pixall. The notorious double-slit experiment becomes trivial when you realize that the whole interference pattern of the ‘deep-field’ changes when you open or close a slit. The deep-field lines change, so do the the pixalls in their alignments along the field lines, there are myriads of wave-fields going through the slits, so that the pulse travels through a completely different local deep-field in either case. At quantum level what we see as matter, the sides of the slit, is merged with the surrounding space, it is blurred, besides that the photon, has no eigen-substance, is a travelling excitement of  space-pixalls. The whole ‘quantum enigma’ may disappear when you have an aether, a deep-field, and no ‘self-substance’; the ‘virtual particle’ is the ‘dormant pixall’, nothing virtual about it, except for its permanent inner metamorphosis.
There is a deeper layer to reality than meets the eye and scientific lens, a layer that has to be inferred because by nature it cannot be ‘detected’, it moulds everything, it is the zero-dimension at the heart of every space-pixall.
I do not think quantum-mechanics is as mysterious as it is made out to be, it is a matter of the right description, I predict, and of giving up long cherished and stern intransigent views about the ‘non-aether’, by embracing the aether again, however modified and ‘aetherial’. That there is something rather than nothing after all.

The notorious ‘wave-particle duality’ gets also dissolved in our description, because the wave is the form, the configuration, whereas the ‘particle’ is the observed momentary pixall-contents, the substance, of the, always ‘passing’, configuration through the deep-field.
The wave is the pulse, the form; the space-pixall is the medium, the substance. The ‘relativity’ here is that the deep-field is always at rest; no ‘energy- ‘forms’, though, are ever at rest, they are always changing, moving. From the point of view of the ‘form’, it is itself at rest and the deep-field flows through it, this is the ‘relativity’-aspect and caused by the substance of the form being fundamentally at rest; that is the paradox of the moving form (we feel at rest while constantly moving through the deep-field, our substance is always at rest, like being at rest in a seat in a moving vehicle).
The form moves through the featureless fixed pixalls of the 4-D space screen, the deep-field, so the form (image) has no substance of itself, no ‘self-substance’, its ‘material’ content is the seemingly fleeting deep-field. Nor does the deep-field have form of itself, it is Substance as an aggregate of space-particles, formless, ‘unborn’.
Only together  form and deepfield create an ‘appearance of endurance’.
’Form is emptiness, emptiness is form’. (Heart sutra, Buddha)

So what we try doing in the following is finding a description of the ‘One-ness’ in personal experience and reality, an ‘enlightened ontology’; or how mind and space (-pixall) merge in the zero-dimension, how matter becomes mind, how duality disappears. That is the crux.

Part III

Space and mind

To get to grips with ‘matter’ as manifestation of the mind, we have to carefully describe how it occurs in space. We have to become more aware of this deep relationship of space and matter, and of space and mind (where time falls away), because when you thoroughly catch that insight you must be halfway on the road to enlightenment, to ‘true liberation’. Experiencing the ‘ideality of reality’ is a key to understanding mysticism and concepts like Maya and Emptiness.
A way of understanding space as mind is seeing that space is no ‘volume’, and has no ‘abode’. A volume is finite and is in a place, but space nor mind have a boundary or location.
Our concept of physical space is wrong, because we see it as a ‘vacuum’, ‘void’  containing ‘things’, whereas it is the ultimate ‘plenum’ and the ground of all existence as the manifestation of the One (Mind).
Your life, your ‘being (thrown) in the world’, your existential ‘Dasein’ (Being around) is, however you look at it, at basis and in last analysis only: ‘experience’. This is what makes our lives ‘mental’: our body produces ‘experience’ and experience produces ‘memory’ (past) and ‘expectation’ (future), both ‘fill our mind’, it is our ‘stream of consciousness’, ‘our world’, the ‘myth’ we believe in and live by. Our seemingly solid world is no more than the background of our individual and collective experiences; that is the real stuff ‘our world’ is made of. How strange. It is here now and gone the next moment, a flux
We don’t understand the nature of our experience because we do not realize the workings of reality, that is: ‘of our mind’. Again, our mind shapes the experience (you feel buoyant, world is bright, you feel bad, world is bleak), so the mind is the essence of it all, not matter, matter is the surface, the surface of the mind. (see No matter at all)

99% space

What we know about atoms, the entities that give all the ‘qualities’ to ‘matter’, is that they form a neat mathematical system: the ‘Periodic Table’, one of the basic proofs of the mathematical basis of reality, and that more than 99% of the atom’s ‘body’ is space! It’s the physics-teacher’s golden moment when he baffles the class with this truth, matter is 99% space, wow! You would think this discovery was more important than Copernicus helio-centrism, but, no. This startling fact namely implies that we ourselves are 99% space. It was already a shock to find out we are some 70% water, but 99% space really beats it all. What ‘matter’ are we still talking about then, you wonder? We are the key to understanding matter, because we are matter ourselves, that is: 99% space. When all that bodily matter is (mostly) space it becomes easier to understand feelings and consciousness, it is just the state of space in the body. The brain is also 99% space, as if we didn’t know. Through the brain we are one with the deep-field and the zero-dimension of pure light.
We are plugged into the timeless universal storehouse of experience and have instant memories of a distant past, another indication time is not involved. The concept of ‘karma’ is also outside of time, as seem all ‘dreams’ coming from the ‘universal storehouse’. (A long dream compressed in a few seconds, no time again)
The most enlightened state of humankind is the bliss of the pure light (‘clear light’ Buddhists say), becoming one with the deep-field, Akasha.

Aether

One of the central points in my approach to ‘cutting edge’ theoretical physics is the re-introduction of the concept of the aether. It is good to see that over the years more and more scientists come round to an aether concept again. Referred to is, for instance, the Hindu Akasha-field, the Chinese Tao/Dao. So we see also here a re-introduction of very ancient human knowledge, but knowledge based on enlightened insight.
In many Eastern philosophies, as in ancient Greece, the popular 4 elements : earth, air, water, fire are invariably philosophically accompanied by a fifth:  ‘aether’  or:  ‘space’. In my system this ‘aether’ is usually called ‘deep-field’, as the actual ‘substance’ of reality, although, it must be said,  this goes beyond the classical aether-concepts.
Scientific concepts cut reality up in fragments, but this present ‘aether’ is integral with the One, an ‘experience’. Its concept is as in the East: a rather all-encompassing element, space , an aggregate of space-pixalls.

This ‘aether/space-as-substance concept’ is an illuminating way of describing the inmost of ‘surface-reality’ (holography) and with it elements of the mystical reality, like Spinoza’s Substance. It is a way of describing the ‘emptiness’ of ‘particulars’, how it is all of ‘one taste’ as the Buddhists say. How it is at the same time ‘Nada Brahma’, as the Hindus assert, the primeval sound, the ground-vibration. (Sound can serve as a door to liberation and -sudden- enlightenment).
How could ‘the Ultimate’ not be these things, these qualities, since these are words expressing the highest awareness and insights of quite diverse human cultures, levels of experience where science plays no part, where ‘enlightened intuition’ rules supreme. So our ‘scientific’ world-picture should contain these elements.

‘Experience is: the world’

Our immediate environment, that is the way we know the world. It seems a fragment but through Mind it represents the whole. Understanding the character of this experience of the ‘here and now’ as the whole is the doorway to liberation. We can begin to appreciate that our experience is the ‘world’ and that the seeming permanence and firmness of the world ‘out there’ delude us as regards its true character, it has no own substance, it’s mental,  that’s why the Buddha called it ‘empty’, an illusion, a dream.
In the Lankavatara Sutra the right understanding of reality is expressed as follows: ”When an objective world is no longer grasped, there is neither disappearance nor non-being, except something absolute known as Thatata-vastu, Suchness, the realm where the wise have their abode”.
We see here the ‘Suchness’ of the world brought back to the subjective experience as deepest ground.
Does our body represent a solid world? How does ‘solid’ feel like? In essence our body is only fleeting feelings, sensations, moods, images, nothing solid, it’s mainly space, as we saw.
Herein lies the big mistake, the source of our ignorance, that we separate matter, our body, from our consciousness and from the rest of the world; a double existential mistake. Our body, as it is to us, is only in our consciousness and it is not separate, but the centre of our world. We tend to think of the body as a thing, but in last analysis it is the centre of ‘experience’. When unconscious, there is no world or body at all.
Things only really start to ‘exist’ in our experience, when not perceived the world is in a limbo-state of ‘tasteless’ potentials, that only ‘materialize’ through consciousness into the forms we experience. Nous sommes le Monde, we are the world, we even ‘create’ it. Experience is our ‘being in the world’, one could say that the important Buddhist distinction of ‘sentient beings’, refers to beings that ‘experience’ a world due to their senses.
So, again, the faculties of our mind create the world we experience and because this is so we can improve the world we experience by enhancing our faculties and intuitions. Animals differ from humans in this important respect that they cannot improve their collective and individual conditions, their mental capabilities are exhausted, their evolution of consciousness stopped, where they lack past and future in their consciousness (although they do remember by resonance), they cannot reflect and plan other than in an immediate situation or by collective instinct. We are definitely ‘more enlightened beings’ than animals are (although in many ways they far surpass us in sensitivity), because of our sense of eternity where past and future melt into the One, where the here and now gets expanded with past and future, in distinction to animals, it gives us in principle infinite possibilities: we are reflective and prescient (if only we were).
It is in enhancing our individual and collective consciousness that our only hope for humankind can rest. The Juggernaut we are on collectively is heading for the abyss because there is still no really integrated collective control or any solidly agreed perspective for improvement, a lot of words so far. But the real cause is of course the ingrained competitiveness and self-centred-ness of the industrial age, the socially corrossive capitalist order and economy, there are no common perspectives, it is any for his own, a bonfire of greed, until its collapse.
Another problem is  that our collective crisis seems not very acute because it seems to hit the periphery, whales, polar bears, ozon-layers, rain-forests (rather  ‘peripheral’ as vital climate and  genetic storehouses), oceans in cms per century; it does not affect our daily lives, until recently. But in the mean time humankind has become a devastating plague to its own natural environment, by totally overstretched production and waste in every area (also finances), an ominous condition for the crash of a civilisation.

In the ancient past one of the incentives to stone-building was to build for many, many generations, that should be again the perspective of collective endeavers.

*******

Awareness and the Unborn

Sunday, March 21st, 2021

This paper was written for the Buddhism and Australia conference in february this year (2021):

To:info@buddhismandaustralia.com
Wed, 17 Feb at 19:35
***
Awareness and the Unborn
***
Dalai Lama: “Buddhist cosmology establishes the cycle of a universe in the following way: first there is a period of formation, then a period where the universe endures, then another during which it is destroyed, followed by a period of void* before the formation of a new universe. During this void, the particles of space subsist, and from these particles the new universe will be formed. It is in these particles of space that we find the fundamental con-substantial cause of the entire physical world.

If we wish to describe the formation of the universe and the physical bodies of beings, all we need do is analyse and comprehend the way in which the natural potential of different chemical and other elements constituting that universe was able to take shape from these space particles.

It is on the bases of the specific potential of those particles that the structure of this universe and of the bodies of the beings present therein have come about.”

*****

The Buddhist concept of a space-particle was a welcome confirmation of my conviction that space is granular as I had experienced it myself and as it had later emerged from a natural number logic and geometry I had developed for resonances. In my unique peak-experience I realized that space and matter were different appearances of the same stuff, it was all one sparkling energy field, it was all light, in essence. There was no separation between things and space, it was one field of appearance and experience.

‘How am I ever going to put this into words’, I thought to myself, then; and what you are going to read here is a first full attempt to put this ‘truth’ into a more comprehensive whole.

***

As cited above the Dalai Lama expects that study of the ‘aethereal’ space-particle will reveal how the whole world has come about.

My tentative contribution to the study of space particles seeks to give them a logical and mathematical basis as the substance of reality and to show they can form the conceptual bridge between the physical and the mental, which we must cross if we want to preserve oneness.

It won’t do to say that matter is a fabrication of mind, because it does not solve the continuity of Nature in the space-particles as outlined by the Lama. Here we touch on the Unborn as the source without beginning and the Undying as the eternity of the source-less source.

The concept of the Unborn as the unfathomable ground of all, is already present in the Rigveda where it says: The Unborn upholds Earth, the Unborn supports Heaven. Katha Upanishad: ‘The soul is unborn, eternal, permanent’ and Krishna says: ‘I am unborn, I am imperishable’.
In Buddhism Unborn is ‘An-utpada’, which means ‘without-origin’ and is used equivalently with ‘Sunyata’ or Emptiness, the central teaching.

The aethereal space-particle is what ‘subsists’ and out of which a universe is formed, so our interest is in how these aethereal particles constitute the ‘substance’ of the world and, as I will argue, how they produce awareness by resonances that spring from the unity of it all. In the oneness is the overall integration of all awareness, the concord of the whole. The oneness is the primal awareness, as such.

I use Oneness as a prime postulate in the ultimate state of the natural laws because all mystical traditions mention the revelation of the One (-ness) as the core of spiritual transformation in experiencing reality, so it is a most inspirational approach to science.

Because the One encompassed ‘everything’ for the ancient Greeks they did not consider 1 a proper number which shows their cosmological conviction as well. Here we split up the One in infinite many space-pixalls (-particles) to allow for a ‘deepfield’ and a granular substance of the world.

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The Kalachakra aethereal-particle is associated with sound, I learn, the space-pixall I have always associated with light, but now I see that my two basic mathematical forms for the geometry of space, the sphere and the horn-torus (donut without hole), allow to symbolize both; the sphere as source of vibration (sound, resonance) and the horn-torus as the source of energy (light, radiation) and magnetism.
It could be that the sound-particle transforms into a light-particle by polarisation, or that there is a constant interaction of the two. Hopefully the clue to this interaction will some day spring from the model and be apparant.

**

Space in this cosmology is the transparent state of an aggregate of space-pixalls (picks-all) that form the substance of everything, including space itself. I call it the deepfield, also ur-field.
What is probably original in my approach is that forms move through 3-D space, as do images through a 2-D pixel screen. Literally forms then move through the densely packed pixalls substance of the deepfield as electromagnetic and geometric wave configurations.
The density of space shows in the infallible rhythms of the wave-fields. Iron-cast order of the waves.

This ‘transvibration’ of forms means also that forms have no eigen-substance that entities have no eigen-mass, that nothing has persistent self-identity, that everything is in flux. This is reminiscent of sunyata, emptiness.

What I suspect is that we are made of space, and that we constantly move as waves in the medium of space in which we have our being. We borrow our mass, our body, from the deepfield of space-pixalls, which makes us essentially one with it all. We feel the density of space in our body, no organs no muscles, just dense volume. Solid space.

I think this is a transparent way to make intelligible that our substance, our body (the observer), is always at rest relative to light, because it is part of the unmoving deepfield at any one moment (like you are sitting at rest in a moving car), the form of our body (the car), though, is always seemingly moving through space, while the substance is at rest. (at least this is a real explanation of why lightspeed remains the same in any observation).

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What most people probably imagine a photon to be is a light-blob shining all-around (what else could it be), but if that were the case we would never be in the shadow, in the dark, because a massive amount of these photons passes us in the night — see the moon bathing in light, the farthest planets— no, we only see light that is coming our way in rays, by means of waves that light up the pixalls as the substance of the space-medium, the deepfield.

This description solves the wave/particle mystery, as well. The wave is the specific energy/momentum that moves through any space-medium (solid, liquid, gaseous, aetherial), the quantum/particle is the geometric aggregate of affected space-pixalls (certain numbers maybe) that give substance (mass) to the particle. when also themselves momentum/substance of that specific wave.

We experience outer-space as dark, seen though from far away our galaxy must look like a blazing star, like we see other galaxies. How come? A bright star with a dark heart, an optical illusion?

The universe appears dark because we only see light that is coming towards us, the rays that resonate with us, we all have our own rays. Light that passes us by we do not see, only when it is somehow reflected coming to us; how is that possible with individual blobs of light? These simply do not exist, but are suggested by the granularity, the discreetness of space itself.

I analyse these building blocks of reality to form a different picture of space, than the ‘(quantum-!) vacuum’, ‘void’ and ‘nothingness’ of science. Space, not as a container, not as a volume (expanding!), a timespan (curved?), but as an original state, an ur-state, without physical properties a priori, without limits; eternal, infinite; as the Unborn, an ur-awareness, which lifts reality beyond any materiality.

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Resonance is the key concept for transforming space particles into matter and matter into awareness. Resonance today is a word used in a wide variety of contexts. While from old it was restricted to studies in acoustics and sound, in the middle of the last century the use of ‘resonance’ shot up manyfold and stayed there to this day. Now rather the wide range of occurrences, even healing aspects, of resonance have come to the fore.

It was probably in the sixties that the term ‘resonance’ started to ‘resonate’ with more and more educated and younger people for whom ‘vibes’ and ‘tuning-in’ (harmonizing), were household terms

It is indeed the vibration, its perceived field of influence, its ‘working’, that is the characteristic of resonance, the field it specifies, the resonance frequency emitted and ‘responded’ to, by every object, universally.

A resonance is a region of specific presence in our view, not of force. A resonance has a quality. It is much more subtle than the term force suggests, although it is true that it is as mechanical as a common reflex, it is also a joining, a harmonizing, a synchronizing; it’s a verb.
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What I want to put forward here is that the working of resonance is nature’s pillar of interaction, of communication, of transmitting information and bringing a world into being by standing waves of sound and light.

In physics resonance is seen as: one object vibrating ‘forcing’ another object with same resonant frequency into vibrational motion. (Note we need a medium for resonance)

From our perspective it is the receiving object which ‘recognizes’ the vibration of its environment as the same as its own and ‘tunes in’, ‘joins in’, harmonizes, synchronizes, this is the seed of awareness, because of the shared-ness, the condition of interaction.
We see now how the pixall-fields, constitute the substance of space. It is by interconnection, by resonance, that the awareness originates.

Resonance as primordial ‘cognition’ and ‘recognition’, which subsequently ‘solidifies’ in ‘memory clouds’ with ‘resonance frequencies’, seems to pervade everything, tangible and intangible

It is important to see that ‘recognition’ is not some mental/conscious act of will, but based on mechanical conditioning, on a law of nature, mind you. We cannot help recognizing, we cannot help resonating with our environment, we are built to resonate to survive, we are full of resonators ourselves.

It is this involuntary awareness, which is the ‘hard problem of consciousness’ (Chalmers) in physics and philosophy today, which was addressed by zen-master Bankei, just 400 years ago and by him revealed to be our innate Buddha-nature, called: the Unborn. (Ur-awareness)

It is our inborn natural awareness of our experienced environment, which is the gateway to our awakening to the Unborn.

In this one word ‘Unborn’, Bankei wonderfully and mysteriously, summarizes the core-teaching of the Buddha.

The ‘Unborn and Undying’ designates the state without beginning, without end, the state without origin, without destination. The unborn is what has always been (this is, of course, an overwhelming concept to contemplate), a state of total inclusion.

It means eternal and infinite, both terms we have a hard time understanding. But then, ‘understanding’ has no place here, maybe. Only direct experience may give us a glimpse or even an awakening.

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Resonance could be a viable vehicle for understanding awareness, especially when we consider interrelatedness as leading principle.  The oneness forces us to consider where the mind-matter duality becomes fluid, conceptually, what the conditions are when it becomes hard to distinguish what is what.

Resonance is an expression of awareness of other, often similar, presences. In the resonance the individual thing ‘experiences’ its environment and reacts to it, joins it in a natural reflex.

The space particles of the deep-field provide the basic resonance, the ur-vibration or ur-sound, Nada; it is this resonance which connects all and everything and in this one-ness there is the aware-ness. The oneness creates the recognition, the transparency, the immediacy (it entangles entanglement).

In that sense then we consider all of nature is in a state of awareness, everything is born out of awareness. This is the insight Bankei gave me, that nature is awareness itself and creates new awareness (because nature is nosy).

To experience this innate natural quality of connecting to the full environment we are in, we should realize the Unborn in us all. This was Bankei’s teaching: to connect with the deep awareness of the world you are born from, open up to your Unborn Buddha-nature. This basic awareness of the natural world is exactly what lifts it beyond materiality and up to the fathomless abundance of permanent creation. There is no beginning or end here, no origin even, it is the Unborn, an-utpada, in its all-pervading aware-ness, in its one-ness.

Awareness is independent of us individually, it is resonances shared by everything, it is the state of the atmosphere, the state of the world

Bankei points to our awareness of the background and brings it to the foreground; the unintentionality, the naturalness by which we perceive the noises of our environment and can identify them flawlessly; so as you are not trying to experience; you just do experience spontaneously, it’s everywhere, this is the Unborn state of nature you’re enveloped by, and want to open up to.

Listen to Bankei:

“Listen carefully! What you all have from your parents innately is the Unborn Buddha Mind alone. There is nothing else you have innately (…) This Buddha Mind you have (…) is truly unborn and marvellously illuminating”.

Mind here the emphasis on the innate nature of the unborn state and on its intelligence, its awareness, ‘marvellously illuminating’.

The next quote was a revelation to me because it says we are unintentionally aware anyhow, we cannot help being aware, this is our natural state; it is this ‘resonance’ we are subject to; even ‘made’ or ‘created’, to be subject to. Our whole body is constructed to resonate with the outside world, from senses to food, we interact with the environment constantly and react on the base of resonance (memory, knowledge).

“While you are all turned this way listening to me talk, you don’t mistake the chirp of a sparrow out back for the caw of a crow, the sound of a gong for that of a drum, a man’s voice for a woman’s, an adult’s voice for a child’s – you clearly recognize and distinguish each sound you hear without making a mistake. That is the marvellously illuminating dynamic function of the Unborn”.

Bankei here shows in a wonderful way how we are bound to experience our wider environment and that we unvoluntarily recognize and distinguish between sounds, and all, in this, our environment that we share. This involuntary, but crucial resonance and awareness of the common world is where the Unborn resides.

When Bankei says the innate Unborn Buddha-nature is in us all, then, since the Unborn is without beginning or end (while we are), it must be there all the time, independent of whether we are born or not. This is the crucial point, nature’s awareness is independent of us, we are dependent on it.

Bankei says: ‘Everything is perfectly managed with the Unborn’. So the Unborn is an ur-state of Nature that manifests itself in you as awareness. So your awareness is actually Nature’s awareness taking form in you and providing you with your private consciousness, so that you can find your way about. (everything is taken care of; there is a strong resonance with ‘wu wei’ here).

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Your awareness of your environment is your brain resonating with all the fields it is subject to. The image of your room and the space outside the window is not in your brain somewhere, it is the mirror-image your senses reflect, what you experience by resonances, it is out there for everyone else to see, not private, it is ‘awareness come to life’, you are the whole experience in space, immediately, because you are space yourself, there is no separation, his wholeness is the awareness. Space is awareness, it lights up before our eyes.

It is nothing personal. It is the field of awareness in which also animals partake and trees, plants, all of nature. This awareness has not the privacy of consciousness, it is for all to experience according to disposition. Nature is awareness.

I hope to shed some light on the different connotations of ‘awareness’ and ‘conscious-ness’, because they are often used interchangeably, but have really different flavours.
Consciousness is a cultural thing, full of taboos and rules; not so awareness, awareness is impartial, nothing in between. Animals have awareness, unclouded by consciousness, they are completely ‘natural’, they live the Unborn.
Consciousness is our own private world with a lot of ego, tainted by personal experiences, awareness is the world we share. Our consciousness defines the life we live, our awareness is defined by the world we live in. In sleep we are not conscious, but we are aware (sound, light).
Awareness is survival-mode, consciousness is leisure-mode, even dream-mode (you remember, as if conscious). The archer has no consciousness but is all awareness.

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My aim is to find a vocabulary that can translate intuitive, mystical, even supernatural, knowledge into a rather neutral philosophical language. My use of the term the ‘One’ for instance can for one person mean ‘God’, another “Great Mother”, for another the ‘Dao’, for the next ‘Nature’ or ‘Cosmos’. Because the term is neutral it cannot be tainted by dogma, other than its own.

“In experiencing the grace of the Unborn is the overwhelming embrace of the One”; it can be poetry. The experiences of bliss or grace which accompany great awakenings in many cultures bear witness of what an overwhelming encounter with the ‘pure awareness of the world’ an awakening can be. You become one with it all and are never alone anymore.

The Oneness, the primal awareness, is the basic ontology of reality, carried by the ‘resonances’ of the space-particles and their fields (objects), so here the fusion of the mental and physical is realized. The aethereal particles are the ‘condensation’ of awareness as geometry of space, the deep-field. The space-particles sustain the form by providing fleeting substance.

The resonances of the vibrating deep-field fill the inexhaustible well of Deep Awareness that ‘everything’ takes its unique form from.

In this view the Ur-field is the Substance in which all forms partake, but forms have no eigen-substance, no eigen-mass, no persistent identity. Having no self-substance is described as ‘emptiness’ which is reminiscent of the concept of Sunyata, Emptiness, and relates to the Unborn as formless, but aware.

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Stonehenge, floating the sarsen megaliths

Tuesday, May 7th, 2013

Attention:
This piece below was written 7 years ago and probably the first one ever to suggest the sarsens to have been transported by raft over de Avon river. Just now (July2020) archaeologists come with a new theory about the origin of the Stonehenge sarsens and their transport. Note that I specifically mention Westwood and a manmade transport road through the wood which may date to Neolithic times. This is about (Dutch inspired) stone age water-engineering.

 

The transport route of the sarsen stones

Devil’s Den, Stukeley

Preface
Below you will find the first ever analysis and argumentation for the transport route of the sarsen  megaliths to Stonehenge,  by water over the river Avon instead of overland…..

Introduction

For over half a century the route of the transport of the sarsen stones (sarsen, specific gravity: 2.5) from the Marlborough Downs to Stonehenge as laid out by Atkinson has not been under discussion or seriously challenged by any archaeologists as far as I know, until a recent find of  sarsen at Marden henge put this topic in the spotlight. This is remarkable because this route would have gone through marshes and over the extremely steep Redhorn Hill, but this is archaeology, a science, which is most of the time in sleep-mode when it comes to important theory it seems and only progresses by chance finds.

Stukeley, self portrait

Fyfield Downs and Clatford Bottom
For three centuries British archaeology is in the invaluable possession of the works of William Stukeley, an antiquarian and close friend of Isaac Newton, about whom he wrote a biography relating the famous ‘apple falling from the tree’- story. To be valued as a friend by Newton you probably had to have a bright mind yourself I suppose, so this is how I treat Stukeley and his work. He believed Druids were the builders of the megalithic monuments and conjectured they built them around 500BC, much earlier then his contemporaries thought. Regarding the Druids it is not altogether fanciful or weird to think that the megalithic architects and scientists were their precursers. Anyway he calculated what he called the Druid’s Cubit as being 52.83cm (20.8 inch), which is less than 5mm longer than the Megalithic Ell (52.36cm) that I propose and use in my work . He probably found this value by dividing the inner diameter of Stonehenge by the number 56 of the Aubrey holes. 56 x .528 = 29. 57m! (Burl’s measure= 29.60m) and got it confirmed in other measures, 208 (16×13) x .528= 109.82m! (Burl’s diameter of the overall perimeter = 110m), 164 x .528 = 86.59m (Burl’s diameter of the Aubrey-hole circle = 86.6m). (164 = 2 x 82, a supposed total number of the Bluestones, 3 sidereal months 3 x 27.3=82!) These are all crucial lengths and numbers at Stonehenge, 300 years ago as they are today. Although every standing stone circle expressed a number, archaeologists are not very interested in their numbers, they have no use for them. (Brodgar? Avebury? numbers not known, only conjectured, as of many other important circles, never excavated for that purpose; where a ‘superficial’ dig suffices).

These numbers and the ratios in the design of their buildings are the only intellectual data Stone Age man has left us, but archaeologists are not interested. Even the highly significant recently found Blue-stone circle near Stonehenge is not further excavated for the purpose of finding a clear number, ‘some 25’ is enough for archaeologists, not ‘some 23’, for instance, as ever there stood in the centre of Stonehenge.
Now it may seem that the apparent accuracy of Stukeley’s Cubit undermines my claims for my own Megalithic Ell, which is 5mm shorter, but I don’t see it that way, because my numbers as there are 210ME= 109.96m (Burl 110m) and 165ME (B: 86.6m) are also meaningful  (165= 5 x 33 year sun-cycle, MacKie, Heath). Besides that I have always stressed my system is foremost a calculator, I don’t claim the precision, for instance Alexander Thom claimed for his Yard, which actually became his undoing, whereas still my measures stand up to any thorough scrutiny and remain more meaningful in mathematical and cosmological context than most others. So Stukeley’s cubit actually strengthens my case because I have found in him an undisputed early authority backing one of my principle lengths, that is, the Megalithic Ell, though with a 5mm difference, like with Thom’s Yard (6mm), differences which, given the inherent uncertainties about the exact measures, if ever there were, and the technical circumstances of the Stone Age itself, are not essential. My measures still make perfect mathematical sense, it’s up to others to further apply Stukeley’s Cubit and even if it turns out to be more precise in other places, which I doubt, it doesn’t touch the peculiar enigma of my calculating system which encompasses the most important measuring units of antiquity in clear whole number ratios.
Once people start to appreciate the practicality, spirituality and beauty of this system, it will be used widely, I’m sure (although it may take a new generation of archaeologists to change their ways).

Aubrey Burl, doyen of the British stone circles
There is obvious logic in Stukeley’s reasoning and measure and I must confess I am not able to get a whole number for the inner diameter length of Stonehenge in Megalithic Ell, but I do get it in Megalithic Yards, Remen and Feet, whereas Alexander Thom did not succeed with his Yard, nor with his Rod.
Aubrey Burl, the doyen of the British stone circles, dismisses Stukeley’s cubit unit measure as erroneous and comes with his own (why not), but had he checked the merit of Stukely’s unit he would have found that indeed his own crucial measurements would have got him the significant whole numbers I give above and moreover his own sarsen circle diameter of 29.6m divided by Stukeley’s ‘cubit’ of .528m would have got him the number 56, being the number of the Aubrey holes, that bear his very name.
I am not a man of ‘statues’ but if one person deserves to be remembered in a bust in every English archaeological institute it is William Stukeley. Here we have someone with, unwittingly, a rare intuition for Stone Age archaeology and architecture, an independent mind and a remarkable talent for drawing. He conjectured and described the Beckhampton Avenue at Avebury, which was done away with as a phantasy by the professionals (left, on the picture below), until he turned out to be right as they found out only recently (by chance): there was a Beckhampton Avenue. (below left ‘tentacle’)

When Stukeley says the cursus near Stonehenge was probably a race-course, to which conclusion I came independently in an ‘aborted novel’, in which it was a ‘dog-race course’, then according to Burl it was something else: it is ‘funerary’ he says! Where have we heard that before? Funerary. They all say it: ‘funerary’; it’s never really substantiated, it’s just a paradigm. Would then the whole megalithic culture be one all consuming laborious dance with the dead? I very much doubt it. (below Stukeley’s ‘Cursus’ as race-course)

!

The above picture of Stukeley depicts the huge sarsens he found at Clatford near the Kennet river close to the Marlborough Downs. Sarsen A (centre) is described on the picture as some 5 yards long and 4 feet high (thick) (4.60m x 1.20m), this is the right measure of a sarsen for the Stonehenge main circle, as he stated himself. I quote: ‘they are all very large, being about the size and shape of the stones of the outer circle of Stonehenge’ (see extensive quote below). The same stones were even mentioned and pictured by John Aubrey, another giant in early archaeology, nearly half a century earlier. Note the sharp edges and the text ‘rudely hewn’, which makes them definitely different from Avebury’s stones and akin to Stonehenge’s. Aubrey draws a circle whereas Stukeley does not clearly, but mentions a circle as well and draws some stones which seem broken up and moved.

Stonehenge unfinished
Stukeley’s picture may be pivotal in quelling the debate about whether Stonehenge was ever finished or not; it was most probably not! The main circle at Stonehenge counts 17 or 18 sarsen stones that made it all the way, may be a few more, here we find the rest, some 8 -12 stones. That they found indication of more dug stone holes at Stonehenge recently (by chance, because of drought and a too short hose pipe!) does not necessarily mean stones were actually ever placed in them (see the Aubrey holes). Would our Stone Age forbears arduously hew these stones to more regular proportions (it was a hell of a lot of work, the sarsen is extremely hard) at Clatford Bottom to keep such an amount in reserve, if need be, or for setting up a mini-Stonehenge? It seems highly unlikely. Look how regular most are pictured by Stukeley and Aubrey (‘rudely hewn’), compared to Avebury’s irregular sarsens, which seem not hewn at all. These early pictures also tell us that the route of the sarsens was down the Downs, past Devil’s Den, along Clatford Bottom, not up to Avebury as Atkinson argued fifty years ago; mind you: to get blessed by a priest; ‘spiritual benison’, he called it. Megalithic archaeologists seem convinced that they deal with a pristine religion here, priests and all, but it seems though their own self-conjured up religion they believe in, for which some like to act as the high priests themselves one wonders at times.

‘A’ lane
So, no hauling of huge stones up to Avebury for ‘priestly benediction’ but just down the valley on the shortest and straightest way to Stonehenge  from Clatford up the side valley to Oare, Pewsey and the river Avon, that is the better story, as I will show. Like all of nature also humans usually prefer the way of least effort and resistance and that is downwards if possible and over the shortest feasible distance. When one goes down the ‘Sarsen-valley’

fyfield downs sarsen field

one reaches the Kennet river either west of Fyfield or east at Clatford Bottom, the place where John Aubrey and William Stukeley found the huge stones; again, both resounding names in early archaeology, reporting on huge handled sarsens first hand, but completely out of the picture until only recently, as mentioned and still the stones that are known to lie there are ignored. Incomprehensible.
Here are quotes from English Heritage some known for over 300 years:

The earliest reference is a description (late 17th century) by John Aubrey of “eight huge stones in a circle”, all of which “doe lie fall’n down”. In 1723 William Stukeley referred to “twelve stones flat upon the ground in the middle of the road which seems to widen on purpose for it… Eight of them seem to lie in a circle…”.(see picture above,YG) The precise location of the stone circle is unclear; based on Stukeley’s description, place names and other documentary sources it has been suggested to lie south east of Clatford cross roads at ‘Broken Crosses’, or at ‘Broadstones’ where a widening of the road is suggested by the 1792 Inclosure Award.

The Aubrey and Stukeley pictures, with text, clearly indicate where it was: “In a lane between Preshute and Clatford” (Stukeley) or “a lane between Kennet and Marlborough” (Aubrey) This is not necessarily on the Roman Road, as the Romans with their cohorts would not be ‘slalom-ing’ between Stone Age megaliths, you bet, they would move them aside or go around them. The next quote wrongly suggests again it is on the Roman Road itself; this is where all the trouble starts, when you don’t do your close reading, as I will show presently. Here is the next quote:

“In 1723 Stukeley noted that in the lane, or rather Roman Road between Marlborough and Devizes (wrong inference!!!,YG), over against Clatford and on the edge of the meadow just by the side of the Kennet, close to Clatford Bottom “lie twelve stones flat upon the ground in the middle of the road which seems to widen on purpose for it and takes a little turn, too, upon that account. Eight of them seem to lie in a circle (see plan (2)) and the other four may possibly have been the entrance or beginning of an Avenue; they are all very large, being about the size and shape of the stones of the outer circle of Stonehenge. I measured one, 16 1/2ft long, 2yds broad (5.03 x 1.83)…. There are two barrows within sight of it …. a little further westward you turn on the right into the fields which leads (leaving a barrow on the left hand) into the Clatford Bottom”. With close reading we find that it is obvious here that Stukeley is coming from the direction of Marlborough going westward, where you first get Preshute (before modern day Manton, see picture below far right), a very old parish (priest-hut), and then Clatford (far left), so we are here on the south side of the river in a lane, not on the Roman Road on the north side of the river. (Also John Aubrey again speaks of ‘a lane between Kennet and Marlborough’, not the well-known and 2 millennia old and used London-Bath road and he mentions (East-)Kennet (a village), older than West-Kennet (a hamlet), which is south of the river, again). Then Stukeley says ‘a little further westward you turn on the right into the fields’ to get to Clatford Bottom (the bottom part of the Marlborough Downs near Clatford), leaving a barrow on the left hand’, (on the picture) so the site of the stones was before the barrow, which is pictured on the other (north) side of the river with even a windmill in the distance which would have stood on top of the Downs. It even seems Stukely pictures the ‘bend of the river’, since trees get smaller in the middle of the picture and grow larger at the sides, the road then leads to the island in the bend of the river towards Clatford Bottom. So there can be little question about our lane being south of the river, as there is no question about the Roman Road (A4) being definitely north of it.

The white curving line through the length of the picture is the Kennet river, the ‘flexure’ is to the left clearly visible, where there is even a small (manmade?) island in the river and after the bend downstream eastwards is a small creek, with trees today, this would have been the ford probably, somewhat further down there is a real ford today (see Google Earth), so fording the Kennet in that area was and is no problem, that is clear enough. Fording places are usually natural and used since time immemorial by humans. Somewhere in the triangle of land in the bend are big stones close to the river today, just as Stukeley describes. All rather straightforward one would say, but not for archaeologists, they dig somewhere else as we shall see. The trees in Stukeley’s picture suggest this is indeed the bend in the Kennet river, which Stukeley mentions in Burl’s quote: “over against Clatford at a flexure in the river we met with several great stones” (note Stukeley has given different descriptions, some more precise than others) so the picture is in the bend, because ‘against Clatford’, where moreover it is known sarsens are still lying till this day, the Broadstones, completely grown over and forgotten by archaeologists, no interest, but vital clues in ‘the route of the sarsens’, of course.
It is true that Stukeley speaks elsewhere of ‘in the Roman Road’ but one letter change to ‘on the Roman road’ makes it equivalent to saying that ‘West Kennet Longbarrow and Silbury Hill are on the road from Marlborough to Devizes’, this does not mean they are physically on the road, but close by. Since Stukeley does write ‘in’ (at least it is transcribed as such) this is the only weakness in my argument, but he did make mistakes sometimes and there are different versions of the description, besides that ‘in’ may have been a way of saying it in those days, or it was actually written as ‘on’, but wrongly transcribed. Again the overriding argument is that it is hard to believe that  the Romans would be negotiating these stones on their main road to London and Bath, it is rather unthinkable. Moreover there is no reason for another lane next to the Roman Road, since people from old were living on the south side of the river where there is ample space for fields and lanes, not on the north side.

Trajectory
 Parker Pierson dig

As soon as it became clear Marden Henge was involved in the dressing of sarsens, Mike Parker Pearson has launched a new theory on the trajectory for the sarsens: from the Downs over West-Overton, along Knap Hill to Marden Henge. Obviously MPP and a couple of colleagues have thought it might be time to have another look at the Stukeley records, after 300 years, as the website makes clear and they dug twice at the wrong place to see if they could find traces of the stones Stukeley depicted. Mind you, we know big stones are lying in the field in exactly the area Stukeley describes, the Broadstones, very near by. So would it not be a better idea to define the type of these stones and if ‘sarsen’ start digging there to probably find layers and layers of sarsen chips, broken mauls, pottery, you name it, and get radio-carbon dates at sufficient depth and take it from there? It could have been the assembling place of the sarsens, where they got there first dressing to make them as light as possible for further transport. The whole Broadstones area full of chips and broken mauls, imagine!

 From Clatford to Pewsey, the alternative route
My alternative trajectory of the sarsens is simple, straightforward and shortest of all, since it leads from the Downs to the crossroads between Preshute and Clatford and then on southwards through the gently upwards sloping valley, a local road to Pewsey. This natural valley road splits several times to the right, once at the present beginning of Westwood, famous for its blue bells, where a road forks off to a car park a few hundred yards up the road. The track I particularly remember is a rather straight and broad, definitely man-made, hollow road with flat surface, expressly made for the transport of the sarsens, I claim. Towards the end of it there is a longbarrow in the forest on the right (if I remember well) and coming out of the forest there is a big, rather deep pit, possibly material for the barrow (it is over 15 years ago I was there). When you continue south you will at some point come to the ridge of the chalk escarpment, the physical boundary of the Vale of Pewsey which is down below. At certain places at this point in the ridge there are more than a yard deep grooves several yards apart, which in my view would be testimony of the controlled lowering of the sarsens by grating ropes down the rather steep slope into the Vale from where they would be transported onwards towards the river Avon. (Below Atkinson’s overland route – dotted line-, with mine in red at beginning, sarsen valley, and end, Bluestone-henge to Stonehenge, the rest of the transport by the river Avon in my analysis)

This scenario leaves us at least two routes at the beginning so as to prevent stagnation of transport, once, for whatever reason, a stone got stuck and would block the road for another transport. The other route would be the natural valley road, with several hairpins going down in the Vale to get to the Avon river. They knew how to use water for the transport of the Blue stones, now incontrovertibly proven by Bluestone-henge, so here I argue for the short-cut route from Clatford to the Avon and on to Stonehenge, the route I surmised now 15 years ago.

Transport by water
Once down in the Vale the stones would be dragged past present day Oare and Huish to Pewsey where the river Avon finds a confluence of several of its springs, they may even have canalised it partly. As I claimed elsewhere the sarsens, like the bluestones were transported by water most of the way, which would also have been feasible from Marden henge onwards. Remember this, reader, there is nowhere any suggestion from anyone of using the rivers for the transport of the sarsen stones to this day, because the river is deemed too shallow, not?
Since Marden Henge has forthwith to be taken into account as regards the dressing and transport of the sarsen stones it is necessary to also account for transport over water to that place. So in my account (some) stones could have been transported over the Avon river from Pewsey to Marden henge, which is right at the riverside, specifically for further dressing probably (the lintels!) since they were only ‘rudely hewn’ at Clatford Bottom, and would then from Marden be taken down to Stonehenge by river again. So let me now explain how I see the water transport.

Summer bed, winter bed
A lot can change in nature especially when humans interfere and that is what happened progressively over the last 5,000 years in Western Europe with the advance of agriculture and all that came with it. Europe was mostly one big dense forest some 7000 years ago, today forests are sparse in Western Europe. Enormous amounts of soil have been carried away by the rivers and filled their original beds. Holland, the Netherlands, where I come from is the delta of the Rhine, the largest river of Western Europe. In my country we are aware that a river has a summer and a winter bed, and the mighty Rhine is kept within bounds with long stretches of high winter dams. In Britain they seem to have long since forgotten about winter beds and started building houses on the floodplains; that’s why they get wet feet in places where rivers get swollen in times of heavy rain recently, which is during the winter usually.  In a recent winter the river Avon, the subject of our study here, swelled to ten (!) times its ‘normal’ width in places with a volume of water not on the record yet.

A quick-witted reader now already gets the point: there must have been times that there was enough water and depth in the river to transport the sarsen stones since they knew how to go about it, given the now, since finding Bluestone-henge, established transport of the Bluestones from Wales over the sea up the Avon river. (There simply is no better rationale for the Bluestone-henge being just in the place that it is). This practical knowledge may even have been the very reason they thought hauling the much larger sarsens from the Downs to the Stonehenge area was a feasible project. All they had to do is cut the trees along the summer beds, possibly slightly canalize the beds in places and wait for enough water to do the job, aided by building barrages to raise the water levels locally, all during the winter of course. This was the reason people came to Durrington Walls in winter time and brought their own food in the form of cattle and pigs, not to feast as Stone Age people are perennially deemed to do according to archaeologists, no, just to feed themselves as everyone else does and certainly does when engaging in big exhausting communal efforts and enterprises, like hauling stones over land and water or quarrying moats like  for instance Brodgar and build from the huge quantities of quarried stones (where have they gone? well, to the Ness of Brodgar, of course!) communal halls and kitchens, surrounding them by huge walls against the high and cold winds of Orkney for one thing. It is all practical and useful in my approach, nothing ceremonial per se.
Important always is to wonder what people really need; what you would need in their circumstances, not ceremony and ritual, but shelter and knowledge of the seasons.
So winter was the time to move the (big) stones (no work on the land) and the Grooved Ware people from all over the place descended on Clatford Bottom and on Marden and Durrington Walls henges to participate in the communal effort to build their ‘clockworks for the heavens’. It was this participation with many in something big, which was their spiritual high point and caused their ‘enthusiasm’, it became the hallmark of the agricultural revolution, the communal spirit, as we see it also in the graffiti of the Pyramid workers and as we see it in the ‘Rausch’ or ‘euforia’ of crowds to this day; it is not so much the celebration of the winter-solstice at Stonehenge, as the coming together of a unique and sophisticated culture which was possibly the first to use flat tables, benches and flat bottomed pottery in Western Europe. It was probably the Grooved Ware culture which set itself apart from others in its scientific and innovative approach to daily life as we see it in the insulated houses of Skarabrae built in a refuse heap! with its peculiar dressers, which were probably coolers and storage places for meat and vegetables, built high and deep to keep dogs and goats from stealing the food. All useful, practical and innovative; no showcases, let alone altars.

The engineering
So how did they go about ‘floating the sarsens’, the key question? We have to keep in mind that the sizes of the stones differ considerably. By far the biggest stones are to be found in the horseshoe setting inside the circle of sarsens, the biggest two are estimated at about 50 tons each, but also the circle contains massive stones of up to 30 tons, only the lintels are of relatively ‘reasonable’ size being over 3m long, a metre wide and 75cm thick on average, but still some 6 tons each (3.2x1x.75= 2.4 m^3, times 2.5 specific gravity= 6,000 kg); so for about 33 lintels that is 200 tons lintel weight alone.  I hope the reader agrees that when I can make the case for floating the biggest stones it implies the others were feasible as well, so we go for the 50 ton upright (in weight similar to an army tank).
‘Specific gravity’ is crucial to our calculations so it must be explained first. All specific gravities of materials are ratios gauged against the weight of pure water, which is by definition 1. This means that 1 litre of water weighs 1 kg, sarsen stone has specific weight 2.5, thus 1 litre or better 1 cubic decimetre of sarsen rock weighs 2.5 kg. So our sarsen of 50,000 kg has a volume of 50,000 / 2.5 = 20,000 litre or 20 cubic metre.
All materials with a specific gravity smaller than 1 float in water, like most types of wood, which range from about 0.4 (aspen, willow, poplar) to 0.65 (oak), some tropical types though sink. Let’s make it easy and suppose our wood has s.g. 0.5, this means that a volume of 20 cubic metres of wood weighs 10,000kg  or 10 tons and can carry about another 10 ton of material before it definitely sinks, the principle of the raft, well known in those days. The Stonehenge builders had already found out with the Bluestones that when you submerge the stones in water they become much lighter because of buoyancy, you don’t have to be an Archimedes for that, it’s just experience, so you need less wood to make them float. This is the first trick they knew from past experience: submerge your stone and it becomes (40%) lighter, that is 20 tons in our case, that’s not nothing. So effectively for the 50 ton stone submerged we need 30 ton buoyancy which means 60 cubic metres of wood of 0.5 s.g. The crucial question is then how many tree trunks from what length deliver that volume of 60 m^3. We think of straight poplar trees (s.g. o.45) and then that we need a trunk section of an average of 1m diameter, this gives us a volume of  0.5×0.5×3.14=0.785m^3 of wood in 1 metre trunk, this times 13 metres = appr. 10m^3 wood, so we need about 6 of those average 1m diameter trunks of 13 metres long to get our 50 ton 9 m long sarsen stone just afloat, that’s all.

The pictures show two different ways of doing it of which the right one seems the best because it uses the depth of the summer bed. It all depends on how deep and wide the Avon was in its summer bed, but it is obvious this is all feasible with between 1.5 to 2 metres of water depth and, as said, this could be achieved by building barrages, to begin with south of Upavon downstream of the major confluence of the Avon, where the initially two arms of the river, one from Pewsey, the other from Marden, join. This barrage would make sarsen transport from Pewsey to Marden an option and in the meantime they could start building barrages down river, with the last one downstream of the natural ford in the bend of the river at the end of the Stonehenge Avenue, near todays Amesbury.
The picture below shows the summer and winter bed of the Avon in dark ands light blue. As far as I remember the river drops only 20 metres over 20 km or thereabouts, so 1 metre per km, which is very, very little and makes for a gentle stream, easy to manipulate and even to go against, firmly embedded as it is between river banks. (Remember they transported the Blue stones upstream from the sea)

The lower picture shows the final route of the sarsen transport from the new-found ‘Bluestone circle’ and the ford in the river, not over the Avenue but along the easiest and most gradually climbing route through the valley nearby and then to Stonehenge, which is the black trajectory. This route presents itself in the middle black relief in the upper picture. QED. Mystery of transport solved!

Again climate change

When I take this argument further it could very well be that the sarsens that Aubrey and Stukeley found at Clatford Bottom are indeed the proof sarsen-Stonehenge never got finished and that the reason for this could very well be another minor climate change, that is, that the rivers for a considerable period of time did not carry or never again carried enough water to move the stones and that this became the loss of momentum in the building process which eventually halted the whole enterprise. The amount of water could also be decisive in the movement of the biggest stones ahead of smaller ones, so that they took every opportunity to move the big ones, which could also imply that most of the biggest stones were already at hand and ready before they started moving any stones whatsoever. (You see this at Banks chamber in Orkney where the form of the available big roof-stones decided the form of the individual side-cells, they had their most important material at hand before they started building)

This first assembling and dressing could have taken place at Clatford Bottom. This all ended when there was just not enough water anymore to move anything. Then when people would come year after year from far in vain, they would eventually stop coming.
For half a century everything went well it seems from evidence at Durrington Walls and then the weather-gods turned against the Grooved Ware people again as this may have happened in Orkney where the land started to sink into the sea after the millennium long Neolithic Ice Age, with rising sea levels heralding the end of the flourishing Maeshowe Grooved Ware culture.
Maybe others from the earlier culture outside the Grooved Ware culture began to perceive it as an evil culture with its cosmological knowledge interfering with Heaven, causing climate change and these therefor sought to expel everyone from the islands and eradicate all traces of it, as the Ness of Brodgar may be testimony of, buried as it got, as if it never existed and  that even, with a warmer climate, the now obsolete refuge places with remains of some of their dead were completely sealed so their ‘evil’ spirits would no longer roam the land.
Skarabrae, Ness of Brodgar, Durrington Walls and Stonehenge, all seem to have come to a sudden end.
Will we ever know why?

Gravity = the Cooling of the Cosmos

Friday, November 11th, 2011
 Gravity = the Cooling of the Cosmos

Introduction ‘Gravity’

In previous pieces I have advocated the idea that ‘gravity’ is the result of cosmic field pressure, emerging because of a ‘lee’ in the counter-pressure of the cosmic deep-field around a body. Although I was sitting in the bath, like Archimedes, when the idea came to me; unlike Archimedes, I stayed in the bath, not yet sure of my second ‘Eureka’ on gravity. I found just recently that Newton and Lorentz and several others had played with similar ideas a (long) time ago (see Wiki, history gravitation, paraphrased here), but although they all eventually dismissed it, I want to give it another try, from a different perspective. After all, gravity is still a mystery and here is a real (not abstract) and even understandable explanation.

Similar theories
Here are some points of similarity with those earlier theories:
1)Lorentz used electromagnetic radiation, like I do with Poynting vectors of EM-fields. 2) Newton and Riemann argued that aether streams carry all bodies to each other, similar to my principle of ‘source streams to sink’. 3) Newton and Euler (1760) proposed a model, in which the aether loses density near the masses, leading to a net force directing to the bodies, which amounts to the same as my insight of ‘depressions’, or ‘lee-fields’ near the bodies. The ‘depression’, loss of pressure density, is what Einstein calls ‘curvature’, but that is too much a 2-D description of a 3-D reality and is only mathematical (Riemann); in my picture it is a loss of cosmic field-pressure (loss of density) in the spherical ‘lee’ of the object (shielding) which is mathematical but has ‘mechanical’ components, as deepfield-density and cosmic field-pressure.

It is indeed the deep-field which reacts to the presence of the object, in this it is in full agreement with Einstein, but the object is on the deepest level part of the deep-field through which it passes, it moulds the deep-field in its passing. Gravity and electromagnetism are not separate distinct fields, as Einstein maintains, they are both emerging aspects of the one deep-field, but since electromagnetism is the deep-field of all ‘matter’ the whole concept of gravity becomes obsolete. The  EM-field is  probably the main push of the pressure-gravity.

When you light a candle, you light the deep-field, the candle is not the source of the light, but the trigger of the deep-field. This is why the speed of light is independent of the motion of the so-called source, which is no source. The field is already there only has to be triggered to emerge. When you push the candle it will fall, the pressure-gravity field was already there, gravity ’emerges’ because of imbalance. When the candle falls, does its light fall? Can light fall?
Newton thought the Earth was attracting the falling candle, Einstein claimed that as far as the candle was concerned the whole universe made a somersault, but I think it is safer to speculate it is space  itself that pushes you down when you lose equilibrium.
Space wants everything in a steady place. At the same time there is a kind of vortex, a sink in the deep-field, which induces rotation, like all orbiting in ‘free’ space. So the change in pressure of the deep-field is caused by the density and geometry of the deep-field. The energy absorption by all bodies from space is a kind of ‘sucking-in’ which is the aspect of the vortex which then
in extremis becomes the Black Hole. It is also some kind of contraction and by all means the concavity of the torus surface is the best example of the mathematical contraction of space. It is this contracted state which induces the acceleration, but it is as with expansion it is the state of local space which induces a dynamic. The local state of space defines the rate of transformation (local time). This is why the universe is in a steady state, but its convexity is perceived as expanding, redshift, whereas space in our model is just as steady as the surface of a torus, with local contraction (concave) as intrinsic, not dynamic, and local expansion (convex) dito, coexisting in steady complementarity.

So my present description combines these insights and gives, I think, a more understandable picture of what really happens on all levels.

 An authority on what I try to say all the way with my ‘deep-field’, is the physicist John Bell in Wiki at ‘Aether theories’, who actually uses the same kind of reasoning I do about Lorentz, superluminal speeds and quantum behaviour, elsewhere he said that the ‘ether’-concept should be chosen if only because it is so much more adequate in making things easier to explain. But nobody listens. The concept of ‘aether’ has become completely ‘out of the question’, in physics, eradicated, and see what damage is done. I think the concept of the cosmic deep-field opens complete new vistas, if only one gets the (zero-)point.

Let me insert here an appropriate quote from another authority on the matter. ( I am pleasantly surprised by uncovering such unequivocal support for my own findings by several unquestioned authorities recently).

Robert B. Laughlin: Nobel Laureate in Physics, endowed chair in physics, Stanford University, had this to say about ‘ether’ in contemporary theoretical physics:

It is ironic that   Einstein’s most creative work, the general theory of relativity, should boil   down to conceptualizing space as a medium when his original premise [in   special relativity] was that no such medium existed . . .The word ‘ether’ has   extremely negative connotations in theoretical physics because of its past   association with opposition to relativity. This is unfortunate because,   stripped of these connotations, it rather nicely captures the way most   physicists actually think about the vacuum. . . . Relativity actually says   nothing about the existence or nonexistence of matter pervading the universe,   only that any such matter must have relativistic symmetry. It turns out that   such matter exists. About the time relativity was becoming accepted, studies   of radioactivity began showing that the empty vacuum of space had   spectroscopic structure similar to that of ordinary quantum solids and   fluids. Subsequent studies with large particle accelerators have now led us   to understand that space is more like a piece of window glass than ideal   Newtonian emptiness. It is filled with ‘stuff’ that is normally transparent   but can be made visible by hitting it sufficiently hard to knock out a part.   The modern concept of the vacuum of space, confirmed every day by experiment,   is a relativistic ether. But we do not call it this because it is taboo.”[3]

A relativistic aether’, let’s leave it at that. But we will return to this important issue because the conceptual reinstatement of the aether may turn out to be a key to solving the huge incompatibility problems in theoretical physics.

In the following I explain how I have deducted from the mathematics of natural number geometry the possible interaction of spherical and toroidal wave patterns of resonance which would pervade everything and go down to Planck levels, a grid of singularities in Einstein’s description, here called the ‘deep-field of space-pixalls’.

One circle rotating around an axis gives us the sphere, two interconnected circles rotating around perpendicular axes give us the (horn-)torus. The one is how energy manifests in absorption (contraction, spherical compression), that is: spherical stars, the other how energy translates in emission (toroidal expansion, radiation, momentum), that is: toroidal (standing) waves.

What I do here is constructing in my own language a scientific ontology which is based on natural number logic, geometry and harmonics (musical, overtones). It is completely based on logical reasoning on the basis of what the numbers my model generates mean in the reality of your everyday world and in the world of physics, possibly in a big way.

It looks like ‘Kindergarten mathematics’ to the professional, so this is how simple and understandable my model is, or rather, begins. This model’s ‘simple’ mathematics though could break the present mould of science. It is a different paradigm.

Permanent Creation
It should be borne in mind that my view of the cosmos is that of an integrated cyclical system, permanent creation, in which heating and cooling are two complementary phenomena. The heating is caused by radiation, which very much sustains the fabric of space by feeding into the space-pixalls, this is the pressure part. Absorption is excessively so when ‘matter’ (condensed/excited space-pixalls) is involved as a concentration of energy in the cosmic deep-field. This absorption creates the ‘lee-field’ around an object, it shields the general deepfield-pressure from the direction of the object, resulting in net-pressure towards the object, which is falsely seen as ‘attraction’, and called ‘gravity’ (gravitas). (some call this approach ‘push-gravity’ but this involves pushing particles, which is not the case here, also see Newton, Euler, above, I would prefer ‘pressure-gravity’, if ‘gravity’ is to remain as term; the best term would be aether- or deepfield pressure, it keeps everything restrained and in order).

In this logic the cosmic radiation and pressure is transformed by inducing spin, that is, into ‘mechanical’ unlimited motion and momentum in a reflection wave-field. All spin creates waves. This is the object’s inertial field. (And this is why Lorentz’s thermo-dynamic objection of ‘over-heating through absorption’ is void, the absorbed energy is transformed into momentum and field).
It are these inertial fields which give the final rigidity and high pressure in the deep-field (Dark Matter?) so in that sense Mach was right in claiming that inertial space was caused by the totality of the matter in space, but he and science in general forgot about the inertia of the spin of all these bodies ( like gyroscopes), this is the missing ‘dark matter’, it is ‘dark inertia’. It are possibly the reflection fields of the large heavenly bodies which feed into the high pressure of the deep-field at quantum level.
This draining of energy from the deep-field can be seen as cooling the deep-field to sustain the mechanical cycle of supplying and draining, to sustain the transformation by transfer of energy in radiation, or by draining, so that is: ‘cooling the cosmos’

So this is why the principle runs:

“Gravity is the cooling of the cosmos”

In the following I will set out how this relates to my present, much further developed, view of the cosmos. I now understand much better what I intuited at the time 14 years ago, but I would not have used those terms today probably and I actually had forgotten about it, I must confess, because it is so long ago I found it, but it remains a powerful comprehensive statement in its own right. And a complementary principle, added today, can run :

“Radiation is the warming of the cosmos”. (It could mean Dark Energy)

Entropy
My cosmology revolves around principles, like rotation, cooling, contraction, least resistance, continuity, equilibrium, harmonics, not the usual rigid physical laws which are derived from mathematics and usually poorly understood by scientists themselves because the mathematics is clear because it works, but what it signifies isn’t so clear; because the laws are not properly understood they do not interrelate which makes for the lack of a comprehensive picture. All laws are presented as independent entities like in the case of the concept of Entropy. The notorious Second Law of Thermo-Dynamics is almost sacred to physicists, unfortunately it is a dead end street. In my model there is no disintegration other than as part of regeneration, but the Bigbang cosmology is a one-way alley, from the Bang to….. where no one knows for a long time now, but it seems to be dark and cold there. Wouldn’t it?

My description of the space-pixalls ‘aligning’, ‘contracting’ and ‘expanding’ is an attempt at really describing what ‘happens’ at the quantum level of the deep-field. The more so because this deep-field is the ‘screen’ on which ‘geometrical forms’ materialize. This sounds like holography. The object is a concentration of excited pixalls in a form which influences the geometry of its environment by its reflection-field: you can see it.
This ‘organisation’ of space around the object results in a ‘lee-field’, which functions as a ‘sink’ through pressure-differential. The general pressure of the cosmic deep-field accelerates all objects towards each other up to the point where there is an equilibrium in the pressure of the reflection fields, that is when they are in resonance and stable orbit.

As a metaphor the deep-field reaches to the deep of the ocean, motionless and under high pressure, but the deep-field is also the currents, major and shallow, it is the waves of the ocean and, eventually, between these huge forces Life emerges as the foam on the waves, sometimes abundant but always fragile in every bubble.

Canonical Pi is a Euclidean number

The most obvious fallacy of science is that, with much talk of ‘curvature of space-time’, expansion, acceleration etc. nobody seems ever to wonder what happens to Pi (as a Euclidean number), in a non-Euclidean setting like curved space. (True, Einstein mentions it, but relates it to the Lorentz contraction of measuring rods over the circumference by high rotation which makes a bigger Pi. In my view the radius is shorter because it figures in a contracted field relative to the circumference in most cases, a concave space, as you see it in the vortex of the horn-torus, this is the ‘pull of gravity’).
Except for the rings of the giant planets, most visibly Saturn, the gyroscopic razor-thin absolutely Euclidian flat inertial fields rotating in perpetual vibrations, which help to stabilize the planet in its rotation, as the moons do, except for these fabulous geometries, there is no flat space. (without the stabilizing effect of the moon orbit, higher life would not be possible on earth, probably, it would wobble like ‘hell’, no stable rhythm). Except for these huge stabilising rotating inertial fields there is nothing Euclidean in space and certainly not at the quantum level, whatever scientists say about ‘flat’ space.
[[The rigidity of the flat of the Saturn rings is mindboggling, over some 280,000km it has a thickness in great parts of no more than 10m , in turbulent places can reach 3 km of verticals(!), but it is effectively pure Euclidean space, and most of all, shows an extremely rigid underlying geometry of space, which embeds the material around in resonant patterns.
Can general relativity account for this perfectly rigid un-curved space next to a massive body?]]

In my system the differing values of Pi could actually be the measure of space curvature, which will show in the specific number use and geometric place a measured value takes between two or more mathematically fixed standard values.

Pi=sphere, Pi^2=torus 

This system is built on two different incompatible approximate values for Pi and on for Pi-squared (²), all are rational numbers, which are based on contraction of the radius as we would expect in a vortex. Pi is for the sphere (axial rotation circle), Pi-squared for the (horn-)torus (tangential rotation circle). So because of the contraction of space they are slightly bigger than Pi, but only in the thousandths, as always in this system. (Canonical Pi = 3.14159265… squared = 9.86960440..):

Pi- Sphere (7) = 22/7 = 3.142857 142.. sqrd=9.8775510..

Pi- Sphere(11) = 2800/891 = 3.14253647.. sqrd=9.8755355..

Pi- Torus = 800/81 = 3.14269680.. (sqrt = 9.87654321)

Pi- Cube = 359/198  or 360/198  x  sqrt(3)  = 3.14 0 43…. smaller   or  3.14 9 18…. bigger than Pi.

We remenber that the circle formula is 2..r

the formula for the surface of a sphere is 4..r²

the formula for the surface of a horn-torus is 4.².r²

(note this is the square of the circle 2..r )

the formula for the volume of a horn-torus is 2.².r³

(note that the last formula is identical to Einstein’s formula for Riemann’s spherical space (4th dimension) which, thus, turns out to be a horn-torus volume).

These formulas are the core of these geometries and in this system the ‘horn-torus’ is named ‘corus‘, as a contraction of ‘core’ (-point), ‘compact’ and ‘torus’, it figures prominently in the model.

This is what it seems all about: the secret versatility of the torus.

The torus

The torus is among my most valued tools and in relation to the sphere it is the heart of the cosmological model I present in these pages. The torus (ring) incorporates the important ratio 10:9, in my system, which is the crucial ratio in the natural number logic on which the ‘geometry of resonance’ is based and which, as I have shown, pervades the solar system (see Solar system resonances).

As Huygens laid down the patterns of light waves, I hope to lay down here the patterns of the ‘inertial’ waves of the reflection fields which we find in the ring-systems. It are essentially these emission wave-fields of the giant bodies which form the pressure of the deep-field. All the visible and invisible heavenly bodies produce together in resonance this all pervading pressure-field, which seems to increase with ever smaller dimensions. The shorter the wavelength, the more momentum it carries, the higher the pressure. That we don’t feel that pressure is the same as that we don’t feel the atmospheric pressure around us which is dramatically shown in the famous Magdeburger Hemispheres, where two span of 8 horses could not pull apart two vacuous hemispheres of 50 cm diameter. That is the pressure we live in without feeling it, believe me, there are higher pressures we don’t feel.

   

Two span of 8 horses cannot pull the vacuum spheres apart

That an electromagnetic field carries momentum and thus has considerable inertia seems overlooked (Dark Matter) by scientists, because of the ‘Nothingness’ of ’empty space’, and the wave without a medium, all huge fallacies. (In Wikipedia on Relativity ‘ether’ is now equal to ‘nothingness’, it’s ludicrous)

Momentum

The essence of a wave is its ‘momentum’, that is: ‘velocity times mass’, the amount of energy it carries, and this can only be carried by a medium which provides the mass for the energy to be carried. In fact electromagnetic fields carry momentum, are momentum. Waves are momentum, because they move a medium, stir other things. The higher the wave the more mass it carries, this is the volume and energy of its momentum, still the substance remains in the same place, so the wave has no ‘eigen-substance’.

The wave has no self-substance

Just imagine a wave rolling to the beach, its momentum is just as big as the volume of water it is able to move, this hangs initially together with the force of the wind, but even when the wind is gone the waves still carry its momentum, it is kind of stored in the volume of moving water. But now be attentive, because this is the crucial thing: the wave moves the seawater only up and down , it does not take the water with it, neither does it take you when you are in there as you know (except in the breaker, the collapse of the wave), what goes through you as feeling of the passing wave is the up and down, the wave uses the water, and you in there, to carry its momentum, but it has no ‘eigen-substance’ (self-substance), the wave is the momentum carried by the medium, it is the resistance (inertia) against the push of the gaseous wind over the liquid water, because there must be a medium to carry momentum, the medium ‘materializes’ the wave, by carrying it as momentum. If we understand this thoroughly we can also see that any ‘object’ is just a bundle of waves carried by the deep-field and that no object has an ‘Eigen-substance’, which is the centre of my argument. We are only waves, we have no ‘own’ substance, our substance is ‘space’, ’emptiness’. (just close your eyes and look inside your head, all matter-space, myriads of lighting pixalls, very very small, the smallest you can ever see).

Energy sustains space

All the energy which is radiated out in space is needed for the very sustenance of space, because the space-pixalls need to be fed to keep their wave fields intact, otherwise space itself collapses as in the black hole, a border point of space, which eventually absorbs an old star or galaxy, as it ‘dies’.
Space is internally bordered by the essence of matter, a vortex obscuring the pure light, the zero-dimension. Every object is, after all, a border point of free space, it occupies space and gives it an ‘inside’; but where is ‘your inside’? all that ‘matter’ of yours, where is it located; without looking around, you would have no idea.

You can see our 3-D world is the inside of a horn-torus (below) and we walk on the contracted inside surface of that torus, thinking we walk on the surface of a solid sphere below us. Every point in our space is like the border point of the zero-dimension which pervades everything but has no dimension. The pure light sparkles in every point of space, we are made of light, if only we would see.

Geometry of universe and space-pixall

The best way to visualise this border point of our space is by imagining, that the volume of space is only bordered by ‘matter’, that we see space as totally surrounding objects, is the problem, because so to speak there is no other side to the centre of the world, so when you pull this sphere we imagine inside out (more or less like a glove), we get the horn-torus.
This dynamic between the geometry of sphere and horn-torus is in my view the essence of the geometry of space and transmission of energy

the volume of a ‘corus’ (horn-torus, 2.².r³, Einstein’s 4th dimension !) as our universe, this universe is bordered by one point in the centre and it is this one point, in every point of space, which keeps us unaware of the ‘dimensionless pure light’ which surrounds us and connects us because it is One in every point of space. The space-pixall is hiding the ‘pure light’ in its heart, the pure light is all pervading emptiness itself, the zero-dimension, like the white of the page around the pictured torus and the blackness of the centre zero-point.(above). Every surface of our our everyday world is the surface on the inside of the horn-torus and around it the emptiness of the zero-dimension of pure light.

Entanglement (2-8-20)
With this universal connecting zero-dimension in every point of space we have the ideal model for the immediacy of entanglement. Entanglement occurs outside the electromagnetic field, that is why it is not subject to the speed of that field. De zero-dimension is outside space as border-point (zero-point), it knows no change (time, speed), it is the mathematical framework Information) that everything is subject to, exists by. But because the zero-dimension is in every pixall of space, it is pervading space at the same time. Because the zero-dimension (pure light) is everywhere at the same time there is no time. The idea that light has a speed is nonsense every photon is a ‘flash’ of aligned deep-field, like a wave lifts up the water surface, the photon is a (bundle of) excited space pixall(s) but does not move itself, it excites its neighbour on the pixall-string (ray of light), the deep-field does not move apart from vibrating.

Since all energy and matter are an excitement of the cosmic deep-field, there is no eigen-substance. There does not exist an individual photon, it is a cluster of excited space pixalls constituting a physical pattern of the deep-field. All elementary particles, are clusters of great numbers of excited space pixalls, in a mathematical order, which may spread out in space and contract when the central ray is disturbed.

I see the double slit as follows.
the moment the photon leaves the device an immediate ray of pixalls is aligned in the geometry of the deep-field and this beam of aligned pixalls is stopped by the screen, this trajectory is fixed in the memory of space and subsequently all the aligned pixalls fire one after the other, this takes time and goes by the speed of the carrier field 300000km/sec., but the photon is probably not one but many excited pixalls at he same time, which travels as a blob through the fabric of the pixall-field, when it is disturbed, otherwise it spreads out being carried by many pixalls surrounding the central beam fixed in the memory of space. When you place a detector it damages the original geometry of the trajectory.
As soon as the two slits are opened the interference pattern is etched in the deep-field memory and its geometry, because myriads of fields go through the slits, not only the ones we can see, gentlemen, when a detector is placed the natural order is immediately destroyed, so the photon cannot spread because its central beam is disturbed and it concentrates its energy to sustain the central beam and push through the disturbed field.
the same holds for photon by photon spreading and the wave pattern emerging, one by one they follow the pattern of the wavefield etched in the deep-field immediately at first appearance of a source, and when the pulse has travelled along the beam, the beam will disappear, so they will never go to the same place on the screen again, a ray so to speak erases the initial instant memory of its trajectory.
(This present misconception about vacuum makes that they overlook that space is absolutely saturated by wave fields penetrating everything, these are fields so much more basic than a just produced photonic pulse, that they dominate what happens with the field, the whole detector is part of the deepfield there is no separation there anymore between space and matter, it’s all the same taste, it’s only densities of vibration.
It could  be that the photon operates on a deeper level than the complete atoms of the detector so that the photon wave in the natural state without extra detector field, will wave through the detector impervious of its substance. This is of course possible in this model because particles have no eigen-substance, they are empty forms sustained by the substance of the deepfield, the sea of pixalls.

 

 

 

I will use the model of the torus surface to explain the contraction and expansion of space in a steady state model of the universe. In my model the whole universe is a torus, but not necessarily like the one below.


Universe as primordial cosmic wheel

The surface of the torus is the answer to the question of the expansion of space. Three quarters of the ‘corus’ surface is convex , means: in a state of expansion and one quarter is concave means: in a state of contraction; but nothing moves, it is just a state of space in which the geodesics contract and expand, which, when wrongly interpreted, gives the idea of seemingly expanding space, where only the fabric of space is changing as the deep-field density and the permittivity-speed of the field (red shifts).

Concept gravity wrong

My analysis of the solar system (see: Solar system resonances) shows the prevailing concept of gravity must be wrong because it cannot explain that the 9-fold dominates the orbital resonances of the system, but crucially that the ratios of the masses of the planets themselves are also in that 9-fold resonance. This whole concept of resonance is alien to science when it comes to gravity, because gravity is, notwithstanding Einstein’s geometry, still seen as a ‘force’, whereas in fact it emerges as the lack of something, that is, lack of counter-pressure.

In my approach gravity is the effect of the ‘lee-field’ of an object and this ‘lee-field’ of any massive object creates a ‘depression’ and ‘contraction’ respectively in the pressure and the density of the cosmic deep-field. The lee-field of an object is thus a depression in the general field, because each object absorbs pressure by rotation and so shields its vicinity from general cosmic field-pressure, at the same time it structures this spherical lee-field geometrically by a partly toroidal ‘reflection-field’ with high resonance, which results in an equatorial standing wave-field, as we see it in the ring-fields around, especially, Saturn, showing extreme rigidity in its equatorial plane (1km thick over 280,000km diameter) but also other planets and of course the Solar System centred on the sun itself.

Tunguska

Since the deep-field pressure ‘hits’ every object spherically the object transforms this impact through rotation by creating a toroidal transverse reflection field. It is not so difficult to associate the outward-rolling torus as the essence of the momentum of the wave. When energies collide in a point, they create a border-point of space from which energy bounces back, this energy is the torus geometry, sphere and torus are the essence of the transformation of space. The torus just does not play a fundamental part in science’s picture, most scientists don’t know the formula for a torus by heart (try it!, they’ll tell you they can derive it) whereas in my picture it is the essence of the spindle-torus as geometry of rotation as we see it in the equatorial bulge of inertia of a rotating body, like stars and planets (Saturn -> 10:9= equ:pol).

A nuclear explosion is in fact local destruction of the deep-field, the gigantic pressure in every point of space is unleashed by the destruction of the space-pixalls constituting the nuclei taking part in the fission. So the space-pixall turns inside out and dissolves in a gigantic release of pressure. This explosion has a toroidal shape.

The most dramatic natural example of a giant explosion showing toroidal vacuum at the very centre is the meteorite that exploded in 1908 over Tunguska in Siberia at several hundred metres height in the atmosphere. At the epicentre of the blast all trees were still standing, stripped, but upright, no side-ward pressure, but in a ring around it the damage is still visible today, a hundred years on, the red ring shows the torus of destruction. (Scientists have no explanation for this torus-phenomenon, though also at the epicentre of the Hiroshima bomb the memorial building is still standing)

 

Tunguska, 1908-2009


Reflection-field

The idea here is that the geometry of the reflection field, the transformation of spherical incoming wave-fields into transverse toroidal outgoing wave-fields is possibly the most fundamental mechanism in ‘space dynamics’ and forthwith in nature and determines the reflection-field of the object and its emerging inertial field.

We have to appreciate that every object is extended in the deep-field far beyond its appearance (with a sharp enough lens you are visible from space) this is its (your) reflection field, the beginning of which may show in the aura. It is a standing wave field, which is at the same time an inertial field as ‘con-firmation’ of the deep-field, it adds to the stability (inertia) of the whole. So every aspect of the transformation sustains the whole as an organic process and this is also reflected in the energy equilibrium like the cosmic micro wave background radiation (CMBR) at 2.73 degrees Kelvin, 1/100 of melting ice at 273 degrees K (1 + 99)( but coincidence, of course).

In my approach we see the cosmos as a self-contained integrated whole in which every aspect has, or reflects, a function. In the BigBang cosmology though everything runs in separate categories from a contingent beginning to a fading end, like an old fashioned alarm-clock unwinding its spring and ‘freezing in silence’. Instead my perceived cosmos is preferably cyclical, continuous and only locally entropic whereas the Big-Bang universe is blind and contingent, our universe ‘sees’ and has ‘purpose’, even if only it were to preserve ‘continuity’, but most of all our cosmos is ‘intelligent’ and ‘formative’. We see logic everywhere in nature, a logic of harmony and of beauty, a logic of economy, of how everything is recycled, nothing is wasted.

How nothing gets lost, until completed. (Law of Karma).

Cosmic Deep-field (Urfield)

The imperturbable rest of the deep-field is the basis of uniform motion, as in waves, and as is manifest in the electromagnetic fields which all have the same local speed depending on the condition (curvature) of local space. The uniform inertial motion of any object is the objects natural resonance with the deep-field, it is embedded in the motion of the field, because it is made of it. As soon as outside pressure is applied, the deep-field resists change by slowness, inertia. Inertia is in that sense the ‘stretching of time’, it is ‘slowing-motion’. But it is also the transfer of energy by increasing momentum of the object through increase of excited pixalls involved in the movement at any one moment. The higher the speed of an object, the stronger the inertial field by increasing numbers of space pixalls being involved at the same time, the higher the wind the higher the waves, thus increasing the ‘substance’ and thus the momentum.

Momentum is stored in the deep-field as the momentum of an ocean wave is stored in its movement, the more volume the wave has, the bigger its momentum and still the water (the medium) does not move, but up and down, in a cycle, the wave has no eigen-substance, is only momentum, movement of energy.

Entrainment

This is why momentum can be transferred in ‘entrainment’ (Huygens), (transfer of momentum and phase through space) because there is a medium; how could it be transferred through ’empty space’, this is a crucial argument for an ether

Lorentz commenting on Einsteins ‘absolute relativity’ wrote: “I cannot but regard the ether, which can be the seat of an electromagnetic field with its energy and its vibrations, as endowed with a certain degree of substantiality, however different it may be from all ordinary matter.” (Lorentz, 1906)

This is the Cartesian view, which was held by most scientists, who nearly all presupposed an ether to explain the fact that space can transmit a force and waves of light. Newton even stated that no one in his right mind could entertain the idea that force could be transmitted through empty space. (e.m.-waves without a medium is the fatal flaw of modern physics).

Here it is important to see that in our approach matter is an ‘excitation’ of the deep-field and that we have always to consider in physics the paradox of the moving form through the ‘unmoving’ medium. The substance of the form is anchored, at rest, in the deep-field, this is its inertia, this is why the electro-magnetic field speed (light) is always constant relative to the object. Its substance does not move relative to the waves of the em-field, how could it, it is made of these waves. This is the puzzling paradox of a body’s substance at rest in the same frame of reference as in which its shape is moving, just like the moving shapes on an immobile pixel-screen.

No Space-time

This is a different approach from the Minkowski-Einstein explanation with regard to curvature of space-time, but it confirms that in a profound sense we are at rest in the deep-field, because it is the stuff we are made of; this is quite different from Einstein’s insistence on an inertial frame for every individual thing, which could be easily related to my idea of ‘inertial fields’.
The ‘separate thing’ does not exist in the deep-field, it is like the volume of a wave, the momentum, it has no eigen-substance. I am often very close to Einstein’s insights, because he became aware general relativity cannot do without a medium, but was not listened to anymore in that respect, all too happy as scientists were to have gotten rid of that persistent antique concept of intangible ‘aether’. The problem they still haven’t solved.

All objects will move in the direction of least resistance in the deep-field, because of the omnipresent cosmic pressure-front of cosmic radiation, generated by the energy fields of the galaxies, neutron stars etc, so bodies will move in the direction of each others ‘lee-field’. The push of the cosmic pressure field, which secures uniform motion in the neutral deep-field, causes the acceleration in the lee-field of the object, the closer to the object the less the resistance of the counter-pressure from that direction, which falls off with the square (surface: r^2) of the distance (radius: r), and the higher the acceleration, even though the pressure of the general deep-field does not change. (It is G and very weak).
So ‘gravity’ (heaviness) is more caused by a lack of force rather than an act of force, but it is in fact an imbalance in the cosmic pressure field. This imbalance shows in the ‘curvatures’ of the ‘elastic’ deep-field, but is better expressed as local contraction or expansion of space, where the strength of the inertia in the deep-field, the permittivity of the medium, decides over the speed of a process. So with a proper use of the term inertia as the origin of a time-frame, we can probably make the concept of time in physics obsolete and have a definition of inertial space. QED.
(The ‘proof of relativity in GPS’ is due to the difference in ‘gravity’ on earth and in outer space, that is: the intensity of the lee-field, the state of the deep-field; no ‘time’-dilation, it is deep-field-dilation)

Cosmological models

The major and decisive difference between my model and the Bigbang is, that mine shows cyclical (rhythmic) and continuous order (‘permanent creation’), whereas the BigBang is a sudden origin out of nowhere, with no mention of order, no explanation of what is now (as order), but winding down eventually into disorder (entropy, linear time). So they know everything of the beginning and of the end, but cannot connect it to the world we live in. It is maybe misplaced to call that ‘cosmology’, it’s just theoretical astrophysics groping in the dark.

Whereas scientists are again and again baffled by the subtle order of the processes in Nature, this bewilderment originates in their ignorance of the cyclical and objectively ‘intelligent’ character of the Universe and Nature as a whole, because of harmonics. Cosmos means order, Chaos means disorder. Overall we see order, not chaos, chaos is at the lower levels and in the struggle for life, cosmos is when you look up to the night sky, huge silent order.

Stone Age people may have known this and seen the deep harmony of the cosmos which they sought to express in the mathematically harmonic designs of their ‘megalithic works’, their ‘cosmic architecture’, which appear to hold the principles of resonance.

Stars and Black Holes.

What is interesting about the mathematical approach is that ‘mass’ is ignored and everything centers on what happens to points in space and their connections. This makes it immediately related to my model of space-pixalls and the mathematical foundation of reality. Riemann used the term ‘Stoff’ (dust, stuff) for the (liquid) aether which he presupposed, take note that Riemann thought ‘granular’ (Stoff) [the liquidity of dust, the vortex of the hourglass, this is the mechanics of space (-pixalls), stretched in time, the black hole as the vortex of a galaxy].

The black hole cools the cosmos as the galaxy heats it up, it is equilibrium in a process of regeneration(the black hole devours as much energy as the supernova it is the complement of. There is no conservation of energy, it is a constant stream of renewal in equilibrium with decay, but, yes, very big cycles. (we tend to see it as conservation, but it may be a wrong principle in general).
The Second Law is more an aspect of local decay, not a deterministic overall law, I intuit. We see in this black hole geometry the vortex, which has the dynamics of a torus, perpendicular circling creating the abyss, the cyclone.

Cyclone is like galaxy

It is similar to magnetic field lines towards a negative pole. The black hole is a 4-D monopole. It is interesting in this respect that the amount of entropy which is supposed to be in the spherical black hole is 1/4 of its surface area. Nobody mentions that this means a reduction of 1 dimension since the spherical surface as border of 3-D space gets as ‘information’ compressed into a flat one-sided 2-D circle area, .r², since the spherical surface is 4 times the great circle area = 4..r²

In my view this implies the black hole is not spherical but a one-sided flat disc, so to speak, a monopole, the border-point of 3-D space, opening to the zero-dimension. It seems to me this 1/4 reduction is rather important but nobody seems to notice it. It could also signify the 1/4 concave surface of the horn-torus
Space is limited on the inside by the zero-dimension, so a sphere becomes a one-sided circle surface with respect to the zero-dimension. The earth has no centre, no signals can penetrate it through the heart, they all bounce off because there is no other side to the centre, it is outside 3-D space, it is the zero-point as border-point of space.(Look at the ‘corus’ again)

Horn-torus or Corus

Here the importance of the torus-geometry and especially the horn-torus becomes apparent. What makes the horn-torus unique as mathematical form is that on the one hand its surface area is bounded by one single center-point and on the other it is also expressed in a 2-D square. These two unique properties give it a special relation to the sphere which properly speaking is also a unique moment in the torus-geometry (degenerate torus) and in the transformation of space.
In my conception of the geometry and dynamics of space the torus is pivotal, because it is the frozen geometry of rotation and eigen-field and its surface curvature expresses the contraction and expansion of space in a steady state .
The sphere is the global centre, a place of contraction and rest, the torus is a double perpendicular rotational expansion in action.
Although stars and planets look spherical they are due to their rotation flattened and bulging and consequently in my system spindle-tori (Saturn 9:10). This rotation is also the origin of the waves it causes in its surroundings which are then carried by the deep-field and form a reflection field which is at the same time the ‘lee-field’ of an object.
It is the ‘pressure-gravity’ emerging in the depression of the deep-field, because of the ambient ‘lee’ around any object, which absorbs and keeps everything rotating. The rotation absorbs the pressure and emits this energy as waves by which it shapes the geometry of the deep-field in its vicinity. So the objection of (over-)heating by absorption, which is held against this model is not valid, (Lorentz himself abandoned his own idea for this, unfortunately) because the absorbed energy is transformed into reflection wave-fields, which indeed affect the geometry of inertial space. These are the most fundamental of fields, here the interaction of mass energy and space energy create inertial field, there is an immediate complementary relation between mass and ambient space.

The idea is that there is this constant flux of energy which brings the antagonistic, complementary and constructive fields into being, these are mathematical necessities.
So we have this object that is an excitation of the underlying deepfield, this object by its very being made of the same substance as space, is a disturbance of space with a disturbed (curved) field around it, but it is all the same substance only the density varies.

 

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More on this subject you will find in the chapters under the heading ‘Cosmology’